refactor: update documentation to remove Sail references and improve command usage

- Replaced instances of `vendor/bin/sail` with `php` in various documentation files to standardize command usage.
- Updated `.mcp.json` and `.cursor/mcp.json` to reflect the new command for Laravel Boost.
- Adjusted skill documentation files for Cashier, Horizon, MCP, Passport, Pest, and Wayfinder to enhance clarity and ensure proper command execution.
- Disabled Sail support in `boost.json` and added "codex" as a new agent.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>
This commit is contained in:
Paulo Castellano 2026-07-23 12:44:14 -03:00
parent 0c4acb04e8
commit 3c9ceda872
58 changed files with 5168 additions and 120 deletions

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---
name: ai-sdk-development
description: TRIGGER when working with ai-sdk which is Laravel official first-party AI SDK. Activate when building, editing AI agents, chatbots, text generation, image generation, audio/TTS, transcription/STT, embeddings, RAG, vector stores, reranking, structured output, streaming, conversation memory, tools, queueing, broadcasting, and provider failover across OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Groq, xAI, DeepSeek, Mistral, Ollama, ElevenLabs, Cohere, Jina, and VoyageAI. Invoke when the user references ai-sdk, the `Laravel\Ai\` namespace, or this project's AI features — not for Prism PHP or other AI packages used directly.
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Developing with the Laravel AI SDK
The Laravel AI SDK (`laravel/ai`) is the official AI package for Laravel, providing a unified API for agents, images, audio, transcription, embeddings, reranking, vector stores, and file management across multiple AI providers.
## Searching the Documentation
This package is new. Always search the documentation before implementing any feature. Never guess at APIs — the documentation is the single source of truth.
- Use broad, simple queries that match the documentation section headings below.
- Do not add package names to queries — package information is shared automatically. Use `test agent fake`, not `laravel ai test agent fake`.
- Run multiple queries at once — the most relevant results are returned first.
### Documentation Sections
Use these section headings as query terms for accurate results:
- Introduction, Installation, Configuration, Provider Support
- Agents: Prompting, Conversation Context, Structured Output, Attachments, Streaming, Broadcasting, Queueing, Tools, Provider Tools, Middleware, Anonymous Agents, Agent Configuration
- Images
- Audio (TTS)
- Transcription (STT)
- Embeddings: Querying Embeddings, Caching Embeddings
- Reranking
- Files
- Vector Stores: Adding Files to Stores
- Failover
- Testing: Agents, Images, Audio, Transcriptions, Embeddings, Reranking, Files, Vector Stores
- Events
## Decision Workflow
Determine the right entry point before writing code:
Text generation or chat? → Agent class with `Promptable` trait
Chat with conversation history? → Agent + `Conversational` interface (manual) or `RemembersConversations` trait (automatic)
Structured JSON output? → Agent + `HasStructuredOutput` interface
Image generation? → `Image::of()->generate()`
Audio synthesis? → `Audio::of()->generate()`
Transcription? → `Transcription::fromPath()->generate()`
Embeddings? → `Embeddings::for()->generate()`
Reranking? → `Reranking::of()->rerank()`
File storage? → `Document::fromPath()->put()`
Vector stores? → `Stores::create()`
## Basic Usage Examples
### Agents
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab;
use Laravel\Ai\Promptable;
class SalesCoach implements Agent
{
use Promptable;
public function instructions(): string
{
return 'You are a sales coach.';
}
}
// Prompting
$response = (new SalesCoach)->prompt('Analyze this transcript...');
echo $response->text;
// Container resolution with dependency injection
$agent = SalesCoach::make(user: $user);
// Override provider, model, or timeout per-prompt
$response = (new SalesCoach)->prompt(
'Analyze this transcript...',
provider: Lab::Anthropic,
model: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
timeout: 120,
);
// Streaming (returns SSE response from a route)
return (new SalesCoach)->stream('Analyze this transcript...');
// Queueing
(new SalesCoach)->queue('Analyze this transcript...')
->then(fn ($response) => /* ... */);
// Anonymous agents
use function Laravel\Ai\{agent};
$response = agent(instructions: 'You are a helpful assistant.')->prompt('Hello');
```
### Conversation Context
Manual conversation history via the `Conversational` interface:
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Conversational;
use Laravel\Ai\Messages\Message;
use Laravel\Ai\Promptable;
class SalesCoach implements Agent, Conversational
{
use Promptable;
public function __construct(public User $user) {}
public function instructions(): string { return 'You are a sales coach.'; }
public function messages(): iterable
{
return History::where('user_id', $this->user->id)
->latest()->limit(50)->get()->reverse()
->map(fn ($m) => new Message($m->role, $m->content))
->all();
}
}
```
Automatic conversation persistence via the `RemembersConversations` trait:
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Concerns\RemembersConversations;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Conversational;
use Laravel\Ai\Promptable;
class SalesCoach implements Agent, Conversational
{
use Promptable, RemembersConversations;
public function instructions(): string { return 'You are a sales coach.'; }
}
// Start a new conversation
$response = (new SalesCoach)->forUser($user)->prompt('Hello!');
$conversationId = $response->conversationId;
// Continue an existing conversation
$response = (new SalesCoach)->continue($conversationId, as: $user)->prompt('Tell me more.');
```
### Structured Output
```php
use Illuminate\Contracts\JsonSchema\JsonSchema;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\HasStructuredOutput;
use Laravel\Ai\Promptable;
class Reviewer implements Agent, HasStructuredOutput
{
use Promptable;
public function instructions(): string { return 'Review and score content.'; }
public function schema(JsonSchema $schema): array
{
return [
'feedback' => $schema->string()->required(),
'score' => $schema->integer()->min(1)->max(10)->required(),
];
}
}
$response = (new Reviewer)->prompt('Review this...');
echo $response['score']; // Access like an array
```
### Images
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Image;
$image = Image::of('A sunset over mountains')
->landscape()
->quality('high')
->generate();
$path = $image->store(); // Store to default disk
```
### Audio
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Audio;
$audio = Audio::of('Hello from Laravel.')
->female()
->instructions('Speak warmly')
->generate();
$path = $audio->store();
```
### Transcription
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Transcription;
$transcript = Transcription::fromStorage('audio.mp3')
->diarize()
->generate();
echo (string) $transcript;
```
### Embeddings
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Embeddings;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$response = Embeddings::for(['Text one', 'Text two'])
->dimensions(1536)
->cache()
->generate();
// Single string via Stringable
$embedding = Str::of('Napa Valley has great wine.')->toEmbeddings();
```
### Reranking
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Reranking;
$response = Reranking::of(['Django is Python.', 'Laravel is PHP.', 'React is JS.'])
->limit(5)
->rerank('PHP frameworks');
$response->first()->document; // "Laravel is PHP."
```
### Files and Vector Stores
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Files\Document;
use Laravel\Ai\Stores;
// Store a file with the provider
$file = Document::fromPath('/path/to/doc.pdf')->put();
// Create a vector store and add files
$store = Stores::create('Knowledge Base');
$store->add($file->id);
$store->add(Document::fromStorage('manual.pdf')); // Store + add in one step
```
## Agent Configuration
### PHP Attributes
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Attributes\{Provider, Model, MaxSteps, MaxTokens, Temperature, Timeout};
use Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab;
#[Provider(Lab::Anthropic)]
#[Model('claude-haiku-4-5-20251001')]
#[MaxSteps(10)]
#[MaxTokens(4096)]
#[Temperature(0.7)]
#[Timeout(120)]
class MyAgent implements Agent
{
use Promptable;
// ...
}
```
The `#[UseCheapestModel]` and `#[UseSmartestModel]` attributes are also available for automatic model selection.
### Tools
Implement the `HasTools` interface and scaffold tools with `php artisan make:tool`:
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\HasTools;
class MyAgent implements Agent, HasTools
{
use Promptable;
public function tools(): iterable
{
return [new MyCustomTool];
}
}
```
### Provider Tools
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Providers\Tools\{WebSearch, WebFetch, FileSearch};
public function tools(): iterable
{
return [
(new WebSearch)->max(5)->allow(['laravel.com']),
new WebFetch,
new FileSearch(stores: ['store_id']),
];
}
```
### Conversation Memory
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Concerns\RemembersConversations;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Conversational;
class ChatBot implements Agent, Conversational
{
use Promptable, RemembersConversations;
// ...
}
$response = (new ChatBot)->forUser($user)->prompt('Hello!');
$response = (new ChatBot)->continue($conversationId, as: $user)->prompt('More...');
```
### Failover
```php
$response = (new MyAgent)->prompt('Hello', provider: [Lab::OpenAI, Lab::Anthropic]);
```
## Testing and Faking
Each capability supports `fake()` with assertions:
```php
use App\Ai\Agents\SalesCoach;
use Laravel\Ai\{Image, Audio, Transcription, Embeddings, Reranking, Files, Stores};
// Agents
SalesCoach::fake(['Response 1', 'Response 2']);
SalesCoach::assertPrompted('query');
SalesCoach::assertNotPrompted('query');
SalesCoach::assertNeverPrompted();
SalesCoach::fake()->preventStrayPrompts();
// Images
Image::fake();
Image::assertGenerated(fn ($prompt) => $prompt->contains('sunset'));
Image::assertNothingGenerated();
// Audio
Audio::fake();
Audio::assertGenerated(fn ($prompt) => $prompt->contains('Hello'));
// Transcription
Transcription::fake(['Transcribed text.']);
Transcription::assertGenerated(fn ($prompt) => $prompt->isDiarized());
// Embeddings
Embeddings::fake();
Embeddings::assertGenerated(fn ($prompt) => $prompt->contains('Laravel'));
// Reranking
Reranking::fake();
Reranking::assertReranked(fn ($prompt) => $prompt->contains('PHP'));
// Files
Files::fake();
Files::assertStored(fn ($file) => $file->mimeType() === 'text/plain');
// Stores
Stores::fake();
Stores::assertCreated('Knowledge Base');
$store = Stores::get('id');
$store->assertAdded('file_id');
```
## Key Patterns
- Namespace: `Laravel\Ai\`
- Package: `composer require laravel/ai`
- Agent pattern: Implement the `Agent` interface and use the `Promptable` trait
- Optional interfaces: `HasTools`, `HasMiddleware`, `HasStructuredOutput`, `Conversational`
- Entry-point classes: `Image`, `Audio`, `Transcription`, `Embeddings`, `Reranking`, `Stores`
- Provider enum: `Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab` (prefer over plain strings)
- Artisan commands: `php artisan make:agent`, `php artisan make:tool`
- Global helper: `agent()` for anonymous agents
## Common Pitfalls
### Wrong Namespace
The namespace is `Laravel\Ai`, not `Illuminate\Ai` or `Laravel\AI`.
```php
// Correct
use Laravel\Ai\Image;
use Laravel\Ai\Contracts\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Promptable;
// Wrong — these do not exist
use Illuminate\Ai\Image;
use Laravel\AI\Agent;
```
### Unsupported Provider Capability
Calling a capability not supported by a provider throws a `LogicException`. Refer to the provider support table below.
### Never Use Prism Directly
Use agents and entry-point classes (`Image`, `Audio`, etc.) — not `Prism::text()` directly. The AI SDK wraps Prism internally.
## Provider Support
| Feature | Providers |
| ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Text | OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Groq, xAI, DeepSeek, Mistral, Ollama |
| Images | OpenAI, Gemini, xAI |
| TTS | OpenAI, ElevenLabs |
| STT | OpenAI, ElevenLabs, Mistral |
| Embeddings | OpenAI, Gemini, Azure, Cohere, Mistral, Jina, VoyageAI |
| Reranking | Cohere, Jina |
| Files | OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini |
Use the `Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab` enum to reference providers in code instead of plain strings:
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab;
Lab::Anthropic;
Lab::OpenAI;
Lab::Gemini;
// ...
```

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---
name: cashier-stripe-development
description: "Handles Laravel Cashier Stripe integration including subscriptions, webhooks, Stripe Checkout, invoices, charges, refunds, trials, coupons, metered billing, and payment failure handling. Triggered when a user mentions Cashier, Billable, IncompletePayment, stripe_id, newSubscription, Stripe subscriptions, or billing. Also applies when setting up webhooks, handling SCA/3DS payment failures, testing with Stripe test cards, or troubleshooting incomplete subscriptions, CSRF webhook errors, or migration publish issues."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Cashier Stripe Development
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Cashier patterns and documentation covering subscriptions, webhooks, Stripe Checkout, invoices, payment methods, and testing.
For deeper guidance on specific topics, read the relevant reference file before implementing:
- `references/subscriptions.md` covers subscription creation, status checks, swapping, trials, quantities, and multiple products
- `references/webhooks.md` covers webhook setup, custom handlers, CSRF exclusion, and local development with the Stripe CLI
- `references/testing.md` covers Stripe test cards, payment method tokens, and feature test patterns
## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"
php artisan migrate
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-config"
```
### Environment Variables
```
STRIPE_KEY=pk_test_...
STRIPE_SECRET=sk_test_...
STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET=whsec_...
CASHIER_CURRENCY=usd
CASHIER_CURRENCY_LOCALE=en_US
```
### Billable Model
<!-- Add Billable Trait -->
```php
use Laravel\Cashier\Billable;
class User extends Authenticatable
{
use Billable;
}
```
For a non-User model, register it in a service provider:
<!-- Custom Billable Model -->
```php
// In AppServiceProvider::boot()
Cashier::useCustomerModel(Team::class);
```
### Creating a Subscription
<!-- Create Subscription -->
```php
use Laravel\Cashier\Exceptions\IncompletePayment;
try {
$user->newSubscription('default', 'price_xxxx')->create($paymentMethodId);
} catch (IncompletePayment $e) {
return redirect()->route('cashier.payment', [$e->payment->id, 'redirect' => route('home')]);
}
```
Always wrap subscription creation in a try/catch for `IncompletePayment`. When a card requires 3DS authentication, Cashier throws this exception. The `cashier.payment` route is auto-registered and handles the confirmation flow.
## Verification
1. Run migrations and confirm `stripe_id`, `pm_type`, `pm_last_four`, and `trial_ends_at` columns exist on the billable model table
2. Test the webhook endpoint with `stripe listen --forward-to localhost/stripe/webhook` if you use the default path, or swap `stripe` for your configured `CASHIER_PATH`
3. Confirm `$user->subscribed('default')` returns the expected value for active and incomplete subscriptions
## Common Pitfalls
- The migration publish tag is `cashier-migrations`, not `cashier`. Running `migrate` before publishing results in missing columns and tables.
- `CASHIER_CURRENCY` must be set explicitly. It defaults to USD, which silently breaks non-US apps.
- The Stripe CLI generates its own webhook signing secret. It is different from the Dashboard endpoint secret. Using the wrong one causes signature verification failures.
- The webhook route must be excluded from CSRF verification using your configured `cashier.path`. If you change `CASHIER_PATH` from `stripe` to `billing`, exclude `billing/*`, not `stripe/*`.
- `canceled()` returns true as soon as `cancel()` is called, but the user still has access during the grace period. Use `ended()` to confirm access is fully revoked.
- `subscribed()` returns true during the grace period even though the subscription is canceled.
- `subscribed()` returns false for `incomplete` and `past_due` subscriptions by default.
- Prices cannot be swapped and quantity cannot be updated while a subscription has an incomplete payment.
- When extending `WebhookController`, call `Cashier::ignoreRoutes()` in a service provider and re-register both `cashier.payment` and `cashier.webhook` under the configured `cashier.path`.
- Use `Cashier::useCustomerModel()` in a service provider to set a custom billable model. There is no `CASHIER_MODEL` env var.
- `trial_ends_at` is a local database column synced via webhooks. It will be stale if webhooks are not configured in production.
- In MySQL, the `stripe_id` column must use `utf8_bin` collation to avoid case-sensitivity issues.
- `noProrate()` has no effect when combined with `swapAndInvoice()`. That method always prorates.
- Methods like `withPromotionCode()` require the Stripe API ID such as `promo_xxxx`, not the customer-facing code. Use `findPromotionCode()` to resolve a code to its ID.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Cashier documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.

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# Subscriptions Reference
Use `search-docs` for authoritative documentation on subscriptions.
## Status Checks
| Method | Returns true when |
|---|---|
| `$user->subscribed('default')` | Active or on grace period |
| `->onTrial()` | Trial period active |
| `->onGracePeriod()` | Canceled, period not yet ended |
| `->canceled()` | `ends_at` is set, may still have access |
| `->ended()` | Canceled and grace period expired |
| `->incomplete()` | Awaiting SCA/3DS confirmation |
| `->pastDue()` | Payment overdue |
| `->recurring()` | Active and not on trial |
Check by product or price:
```php
$user->subscribedToProduct('prod_premium', 'default');
$user->subscribedToPrice('price_monthly', 'default');
```
## Swapping Plans
```php
$user->subscription('default')->swap('price_new');
$user->subscription('default')->noProrate()->swap('price_new');
$user->subscription('default')->swapAndInvoice('price_new');
$user->subscription('default')->skipTrial()->swap('price_new');
```
## Quantity
```php
$user->subscription('default')->incrementQuantity();
$user->subscription('default')->decrementQuantity();
$user->subscription('default')->updateQuantity(10);
$user->subscription('default')->noProrate()->updateQuantity(10);
```
## Trials
```php
$user->newSubscription('default', 'price_xxxx')
->trialDays(14)
->create($paymentMethodId);
$subscription->extendTrial(now()->addDays(7));
```
## Multiple Products on One Subscription
```php
$user->newSubscription('default', ['price_monthly', 'price_chat'])
->quantity(5, 'price_chat')
->create($paymentMethod);
$user->subscription('default')->addPrice('price_chat');
$user->subscription('default')->removePrice('price_chat');
$user->subscription('default')->swap(['price_pro', 'price_chat']);
```
## Multiple Subscriptions
```php
$user->newSubscription('swimming', 'price_swimming_monthly')->create($pm);
$user->newSubscription('gym', 'price_gym_monthly')->create($pm);
$user->subscription('swimming')->swap('price_swimming_yearly');
$user->subscription('gym')->cancel();
```
## Cancellation and Resumption
```php
$user->subscription('default')->cancel(); // At end of billing period
$user->subscription('default')->cancelNow(); // Immediately
$user->subscription('default')->resume(); // During grace period only
```
## Incomplete Payment Handling
```php
if ($user->hasIncompletePayment('default')) {
$paymentId = $user->subscription('default')->latestPayment()->id;
return redirect()->route('cashier.payment', $paymentId);
}
```
Opt out of default deactivation behavior:
```php
Cashier::keepPastDueSubscriptionsActive();
Cashier::keepIncompleteSubscriptionsActive();
```
## Metered / Usage-Based Billing
```php
$user->newSubscription('default')
->meteredPrice('price_metered')
->create($paymentMethodId);
$user->reportMeterEvent('emails-sent');
$user->reportMeterEvent('emails-sent', quantity: 15);
```

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# Testing Reference
Use `search-docs` for authoritative documentation on testing Cashier integrations.
## Test Cards and Tokens
Use card numbers for browser-based flows (Stripe.js / Checkout). Use `pm_card_*` tokens directly in feature tests that call the Stripe API.
| Card Number | Token | Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| `4242 4242 4242 4242` | `pm_card_visa` | Succeeds immediately |
| `4000 0025 0000 3155` | `pm_card_threeDSecure2Required` | Requires SCA/3DS |
| `4000 0027 6000 3184` | `pm_card_authenticationRequired` | Requires authentication |
| `4000 0000 0000 9995` | `pm_card_chargeDeclinedInsufficientFunds` | Declined, insufficient funds |
| `4000 0000 0000 0002` | `pm_card_chargeDeclined` | Declined |
Use expiry `12/34`, any CVC, any ZIP for card number inputs.
## Feature Test Example
Feature tests that hit the real Stripe test API use `pm_card_*` tokens:
```php
public function test_user_can_subscribe(): void
{
$user = User::factory()->create();
$user->newSubscription('default', 'price_xxxx')
->create('pm_card_visa');
$this->assertTrue($user->subscribed('default'));
}
public function test_incomplete_payment_is_handled(): void
{
$user = User::factory()->create();
try {
$user->newSubscription('default', 'price_xxxx')
->create('pm_card_threeDSecure2Required');
} catch (\Laravel\Cashier\Exceptions\IncompletePayment $e) {
$this->assertTrue($user->subscription('default')->incomplete());
}
}
```
## Setup Notes
- Use Stripe test mode keys (`sk_test_...`, `pk_test_...`) in your test environment
- Cashier does not ship a global `fake()` helper. Tests hit the real Stripe test API by default.
- Refer to `tests/Feature/` in the Cashier package itself for integration test patterns covering subscription creation, payment methods, and webhook handling
- Use `search-docs` for current guidance on mocking Stripe HTTP calls or using Stripe's test clock feature for time-sensitive scenarios

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# Webhooks Reference
Use `search-docs` for authoritative documentation on webhooks.
## Auto-Registered Routes
Cashier registers two routes automatically under the `cashier.path` prefix (`config('cashier.path')`, default `stripe`):
- `POST /{cashier.path}/webhook` named `cashier.webhook`
- `GET /{cashier.path}/payment/{id}` named `cashier.payment`
With the default config these are `/stripe/webhook` and `/stripe/payment/{id}`. If you set `CASHIER_PATH=billing`, they become `/billing/webhook` and `/billing/payment/{id}`.
## CSRF Exclusion
Use the same path prefix you configured for Cashier here. If `CASHIER_PATH=billing`, exclude `billing/*` instead of `stripe/*`.
**Laravel 11+ (`bootstrap/app.php`, default path example):**
```php
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
$middleware->validateCsrfTokens(except: ['stripe/*']);
})
```
**Laravel 10 (`app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php`, default path example):**
```php
protected $except = [
'stripe/*',
];
```
## Local Development with Stripe CLI
If you changed `cashier.path`, forward Stripe CLI events to that URL instead of `/stripe/webhook`.
```bash
stripe login
stripe listen --forward-to your-app.test/stripe/webhook
stripe trigger invoice.payment_succeeded
```
The CLI outputs a `whsec_...` signing secret specific to that session. Set it as `STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET` locally. It is not the same as the Dashboard endpoint secret.
## Registering Events in the Stripe Dashboard
Use the Artisan command to create the endpoint automatically with all required events:
```bash
php artisan cashier:webhook
```
Cashier's `cashier:webhook` command registers these events by default:
- `customer.subscription.created`
- `customer.subscription.updated`
- `customer.subscription.deleted`
- `customer.updated` / `customer.deleted`
- `invoice.payment_action_required`
- `invoice.payment_succeeded`
- `payment_method.automatically_updated`
Cashier's `WebhookController` has built-in handlers for all of the above except `invoice.payment_succeeded`. For renewal hooks, prefer `WebhookReceived` / `WebhookHandled` listeners unless you intentionally add your own controller method.
## Custom Handlers: Extending WebhookController
Method name pattern: `handle` + StudlyCase of event type with dots replaced by underscores.
`customer.subscription.created` becomes `handleCustomerSubscriptionCreated`.
```php
use Laravel\Cashier\Http\Controllers\WebhookController as CashierController;
class StripeWebhookController extends CashierController
{
public function handleCustomerSubscriptionCreated(array $payload)
{
$response = parent::handleCustomerSubscriptionCreated($payload);
// your logic after Cashier syncs the subscription
return $response;
}
}
```
If you add a method for an event Cashier does not handle internally, such as `invoice.payment_succeeded`, do not call `parent::handle...()` unless the base controller actually defines that method.
In a service provider, disable auto-registration and re-register both Cashier routes so the incomplete-payment flow and `cashier:webhook` command keep working:
```php
Cashier::ignoreRoutes();
```
```php
// routes/web.php
use App\Http\Controllers\StripeWebhookController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use Laravel\Cashier\Http\Controllers\PaymentController;
Route::prefix(config('cashier.path'))
->name('cashier.')
->group(function () {
Route::get('payment/{id}', [PaymentController::class, 'show'])->name('payment');
Route::post('webhook', [StripeWebhookController::class, 'handleWebhook'])->name('webhook');
});
```
Keep the `cashier.webhook` route name unless you plan to pass `--url` explicitly to `php artisan cashier:webhook`.
## Custom Handlers: Listening to Events
The simpler option when you do not need to replace Cashier's internal logic, or when you want to react to events such as `invoice.payment_succeeded` that Cashier does not process itself:
```php
use Laravel\Cashier\Events\WebhookReceived;
use Laravel\Cashier\Events\WebhookHandled;
// WebhookReceived fires for every event before Cashier processes it
// WebhookHandled fires after Cashier processes it
Event::listen(WebhookReceived::class, function (WebhookReceived $event) {
if ($event->payload['type'] === 'invoice.payment_succeeded') {
// handle renewal
}
});
```
## Signature Verification
`VerifyWebhookSignature` middleware is applied automatically when `cashier.webhook.secret` is set. No extra wiring is needed.

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---
name: configure-nightwatch
description: Configures Laravel Nightwatch data collection, sampling rates, filtering rules, and redaction policies. Use when setting up Nightwatch, managing data volume, protecting sensitive data (PII), or optimizing event collection for production workloads.
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Nightwatch Configuration Guide
This skill helps configure Laravel Nightwatch data collection to balance observability, performance, and privacy. Covers sampling strategies, filtering rules, and redaction methods across all event types.
## Documentation Reference
The [Nightwatch Documentation](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs) is the definitive and up-to-date source of information for all Nightwatch configuration options. This skill provides practical guidance and common patterns, but always consult the official documentation as the primary source of truth for specific details, environment variables, and API behavior. The documentation includes comprehensive coverage of:
- [Filtering and Configuration](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/filtering) - Core concepts for sampling, filtering, and redaction
- Individual event type pages with specific configuration options:
- [Requests](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/requests) - Request sampling, header handling, payload capture
- [Commands](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/commands) - Command sampling and redaction
- [Queries](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/queries) - Query filtering and redaction
- [Cache](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/cache) - Cache event filtering by key or pattern
- [Jobs](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/jobs) - Job filtering and sampling decoupling
- [Mail](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/mail) - Mail event filtering
- [Notifications](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/notifications) - Notification filtering by channel
- [Exceptions](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/exceptions) - Exception sampling and throttling
- [Outgoing Requests](https://nightwatch.laravel.com/docs/outgoing-requests) - HTTP request filtering
- [reference.md](reference.md) - Quick lookup table by event type, production presets, and verification checklist
## Data Collection Flow
Nightwatch processes events through three stages:
1. **Sampling** - Controls which entry points are captured (requests, commands, scheduled tasks)
2. **Filtering** - Excludes specific events after sampling (queries, cache, mail, etc.)
3. **Redaction** - Modifies captured data to remove/obfuscate sensitive information
```
Request/Command/Scheduled Task
|
v
[Sampling?] ----NO----> Drop entire trace
| YES
v
Events generated
|
v
[Filtering?] ----YES---> Drop specific event
| NO
v
[Redaction] ----------> Store modified data
```
---
## Sampling Configuration
Sampling determines which entry points (requests, commands, scheduled tasks) trigger full trace collection. When an entry point is sampled, all related events are captured.
### Global Sample Rates
Configure via environment variables:
```bash
# Default: 100% sampling (all requests/commands captured)
NIGHTWATCH_REQUEST_SAMPLE_RATE=0.1 # Recommended: 10% of requests
NIGHTWATCH_COMMAND_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0 # Capture all commands
NIGHTWATCH_EXCEPTION_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0 # Always capture exceptions
```
**Recommendation**: Start with `0.1` (10%) for requests in production, adjust based on volume and needs.
### Route-Based Sampling
Apply different rates to specific routes using the `Sample` middleware:
```php routes/web.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Http\Middleware\Sample;
// Sample admin routes at 100%
Route::middleware(Sample::rate(1.0))->prefix('admin')->group(function () {
// All admin routes sampled fully
});
// Sample API routes at 5%
Route::middleware(Sample::rate(0.05))->prefix('api')->group(function () {
// API routes sampled sparingly
});
// Always sample critical endpoints
Route::post('/checkout', [CheckoutController::class, 'process'])
->middleware(Sample::always());
// Never sample health checks
Route::get('/health', [HealthController::class, 'check'])
->middleware(Sample::never());
```
### Unmatched Route Sampling
Handle 404/bot traffic with reduced sampling:
```php routes/web.php
Route::fallback(fn () => abort(404))
->middleware(Sample::rate(0.01)); // 1% sampling for unmatched routes
```
### Dynamic Sampling
Sample based on runtime conditions (user role, request attributes):
```php app/Http/Middleware/SampleAdminRequests.php
use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Facades\Nightwatch;
class SampleAdminRequests
{
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
{
if ($request->user()?->isAdmin()) {
Nightwatch::sample(); // Always sample admin requests
}
return $next($request);
}
}
```
### Command Sampling
Exclude specific commands from sampling:
```php AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Console\Events\CommandStarting;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Facades\Nightwatch;
public function boot(): void
{
Event::listen(function (CommandStarting $event) {
if (in_array($event->command, ['schedule:finish', 'horizon:snapshot'])) {
Nightwatch::dontSample();
}
});
}
```
### Vendor Commands
Nightwatch automatically ignores framework/internal commands. Opt-in to capture them:
```php
Nightwatch::captureDefaultVendorCommands();
```
---
## Filtering Configuration
Filtering excludes specific events from collection after sampling. Use filtering to reduce noise and quota usage.
### Database Queries
**Filter all queries** (disable query collection):
```bash
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_QUERIES=true
```
**Filter specific queries** by SQL pattern:
```php AppServiceProvider.php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Facades\Nightwatch;
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Query;
public function boot(): void
{
// Filter job table queries (PostgreSQL)
Nightwatch::rejectQueries(function (Query $query) {
return str_contains($query->sql, 'into "jobs"');
});
// Filter cache table queries (MySQL)
Nightwatch::rejectQueries(function (Query $query) {
return str_contains($query->sql, 'from `cache`')
|| str_contains($query->sql, 'into `cache`');
});
}
```
### Cache Events
**Filter all cache events**:
```bash
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_CACHE_EVENTS=true
```
**Filter by cache key patterns**:
```php
Nightwatch::rejectCacheKeys([
'my-app:users', // Exact match
'/^my-app:posts:/', // Regex: starts with my-app:posts:
'/^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/', // Regex: session IDs
]);
```
**Filter with callback**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\CacheEvent;
Nightwatch::rejectCacheEvents(function (CacheEvent $cacheEvent) {
return str_starts_with($cacheEvent->key, 'temp:');
});
```
### Mail Events
**Filter all mail**:
```bash
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_MAIL=true
```
**Filter specific mail**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Mail;
Nightwatch::rejectMail(function (Mail $mail) {
return str_contains($mail->subject, 'Newsletter');
});
```
### Notification Events
**Filter all notifications**:
```bash
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_NOTIFICATIONS=true
```
**Filter by channel**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Notification;
Nightwatch::rejectNotifications(function (Notification $notification) {
return $notification->channel === 'database';
});
```
### Outgoing HTTP Requests
**Filter all outgoing requests**:
```bash
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_OUTGOING_REQUESTS=true
```
**Filter by URL**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\OutgoingRequest;
Nightwatch::rejectOutgoingRequests(function (OutgoingRequest $request) {
return str_contains($request->url, 'analytics.example.com');
});
```
### Queued Jobs
**Filter specific jobs**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\QueuedJob;
Nightwatch::rejectQueuedJobs(function (QueuedJob $job) {
return $job->name === 'App\Jobs\LowPriorityJob';
});
```
### Decoupling Job Sampling
Sample jobs independently from parent contexts:
```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
public function boot(): void
{
Queue::before(fn () => Nightwatch::sample(rate: 0.5));
}
```
---
## Redaction Configuration
Redaction modifies captured data to remove or obfuscate sensitive information. Unlike filtering, redaction keeps the event but sanitizes its content.
### Request Redaction
**Redact sensitive headers** (automatically redacts: Authorization, Cookie, X-XSRF-TOKEN):
```bash
# Customize redacted headers
NIGHTWATCH_REDACT_HEADERS=Authorization,Cookie,Proxy-Authorization,X-API-Key
```
**Redact request payloads** (disabled by default):
```bash
# Enable payload capture
NIGHTWATCH_CAPTURE_REQUEST_PAYLOAD=true
# Customize redacted fields
NIGHTWATCH_REDACT_PAYLOAD_FIELDS=password,password_confirmation,ssn,credit_card
```
**Programmatic redaction**:
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Facades\Nightwatch;
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Request;
Nightwatch::redactRequests(function (Request $request) {
$request->url = str_replace('secret', '***', $request->url);
$request->ip = preg_replace('/\d+$/', '***', $request->ip);
});
```
### Query Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Query;
Nightwatch::redactQueries(function (Query $query) {
$query->sql = str_replace('secret_token', '***', $query->sql);
});
```
### Cache Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\CacheEvent;
Nightwatch::redactCacheEvents(function (CacheEvent $cacheEvent) {
$cacheEvent->key = str_replace('user:', 'user:***:', $cacheEvent->key);
});
```
### Command Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Command;
Nightwatch::redactCommands(function (Command $command) {
$command->command = preg_replace('/--password=\S+/', '--password=***', $command->command);
});
```
### Exception Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Exception;
Nightwatch::redactExceptions(function (Exception $exception) {
$exception->message = str_replace('secret', '***', $exception->message);
});
```
### Mail Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\Mail;
Nightwatch::redactMail(function (Mail $mail) {
$mail->subject = str_replace('Invoice #', 'Invoice ***', $mail->subject);
});
```
### Outgoing Request Redaction
```php
use Laravel\Nightwatch\Records\OutgoingRequest;
Nightwatch::redactOutgoingRequests(function (OutgoingRequest $outgoingRequest) {
$outgoingRequest->url = preg_replace('/api_key=\w+/', 'api_key=***', $outgoingRequest->url);
});
```

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# Nightwatch Configuration Reference
## Configuration Summary by Event Type
| Event Type | Sampling | Filtering | Redaction |
| --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| **Requests** | `NIGHTWATCH_REQUEST_SAMPLE_RATE`, Route middleware | Not applicable | Headers, payload, URL, IP |
| **Commands** | `NIGHTWATCH_COMMAND_SAMPLE_RATE`, Event listener | Not applicable | Command arguments |
| **Queries** | Parent context | `rejectQueries()`, `NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_QUERIES` | SQL statement |
| **Cache** | Parent context | `rejectCacheKeys()`, `rejectCacheEvents()`, `NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_CACHE_EVENTS` | Cache key |
| **Jobs** | Parent context, Queue::before | `rejectQueuedJobs()` | Not applicable |
| **Mail** | Parent context | `rejectMail()`, `NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_MAIL` | Subject |
| **Notifications** | Parent context | `rejectNotifications()`, `NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_NOTIFICATIONS` | Not applicable |
| **Outgoing Requests** | Parent context | `rejectOutgoingRequests()`, `NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_OUTGOING_REQUESTS` | URL |
| **Exceptions** | `NIGHTWATCH_EXCEPTION_SAMPLE_RATE` | Not applicable | Exception message |
---
## Production Recommendations
### High-Traffic Applications
```bash
# Conservative sampling
NIGHTWATCH_REQUEST_SAMPLE_RATE=0.01 # 1% of requests
NIGHTWATCH_COMMAND_SAMPLE_RATE=0.1 # 10% of commands
NIGHTWATCH_EXCEPTION_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0 # Always capture exceptions
# Filter noisy events
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_CACHE_EVENTS=true
NIGHTWATCH_IGNORE_QUERIES=true # Or filter specific queries programmatically
```
### Privacy-Conscious Applications
```bash
# Disable sensitive data collection
NIGHTWATCH_CAPTURE_REQUEST_PAYLOAD=false
NIGHTWATCH_REDACT_HEADERS=Authorization,Cookie,Proxy-Authorization,X-XSRF-TOKEN
# Or use redaction in AppServiceProvider
```
### Balanced Configuration (Recommended Start)
```bash
# Sample rates
NIGHTWATCH_REQUEST_SAMPLE_RATE=0.1
NIGHTWATCH_COMMAND_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0
NIGHTWATCH_EXCEPTION_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0
# Filter obvious noise programmatically
# Redact PII as needed
```
---
## Verification Checklist
After configuration:
- [ ] Sampling rates appropriate for traffic volume
- [ ] Noisy events filtered (cache, certain queries)
- [ ] Sensitive data redacted (PII, tokens, credentials)
- [ ] Exceptions always captured for debugging
- [ ] Test in development with `NIGHTWATCH_REQUEST_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0`
- [ ] Monitor event quota usage in Nightwatch dashboard
---
## Common Patterns
### Filter Health Checks + Reduce Sampling
```php
Route::get('/health', fn() => ['status' => 'ok'])
->middleware(Sample::never());
```
### Exclude Internal/Vendor Queries
```php
Nightwatch::rejectQueries(fn($q) =>
str_contains($q->sql, 'telescope') ||
str_contains($q->sql, 'pulse')
);
```
### Protect User Data in Cache Keys
```php
Nightwatch::redactCacheEvents(fn($e) =>
$e->key = preg_replace('/user:\d+/', 'user:***', $e->key)
);
```

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---
name: configuring-horizon
description: "Use this skill whenever the user mentions Horizon by name in a Laravel context. Covers the full Horizon lifecycle: installing Horizon (horizon:install, Sail setup), configuring config/horizon.php (supervisor blocks, queue assignments, balancing strategies, minProcesses/maxProcesses), fixing the dashboard (authorization via Gate::define viewHorizon, blank metrics, horizon:snapshot scheduling), and troubleshooting production issues (worker crashes, timeout chain ordering, LongWaitDetected notifications, waits config). Also covers job tagging and silencing. Do not use for generic Laravel queues without Horizon, SQS or database drivers, standalone Redis setup, Linux supervisord, Telescope, or job batching."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Horizon Configuration
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Horizon patterns and documentation covering configuration, supervisors, balancing, dashboard authorization, tags, notifications, metrics, and deployment.
For deeper guidance on specific topics, read the relevant reference file before implementing:
- `references/supervisors.md` covers supervisor blocks, balancing strategies, multi-queue setups, and auto-scaling
- `references/notifications.md` covers LongWaitDetected alerts, notification routing, and the `waits` config
- `references/tags.md` covers job tagging, dashboard filtering, and silencing noisy jobs
- `references/metrics.md` covers the blank metrics dashboard, snapshot scheduling, and retention config
## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
php artisan horizon:install
```
### Supervisor Configuration
Define supervisors in `config/horizon.php`. The `environments` array merges into `defaults` and does not replace the whole supervisor block:
<!-- Supervisor Config -->
```php
'defaults' => [
'supervisor-1' => [
'connection' => 'redis',
'queue' => ['default'],
'balance' => 'auto',
'minProcesses' => 1,
'maxProcesses' => 10,
'tries' => 3,
],
],
'environments' => [
'production' => [
'supervisor-1' => ['maxProcesses' => 20, 'balanceCooldown' => 3],
],
'local' => [
'supervisor-1' => ['maxProcesses' => 2],
],
],
```
### Dashboard Authorization
Restrict access in `App\Providers\HorizonServiceProvider`:
<!-- Dashboard Gate -->
```php
protected function gate(): void
{
Gate::define('viewHorizon', function (User $user) {
return $user->is_admin;
});
}
```
## Verification
1. Run `php artisan horizon` and visit `/horizon`
2. Confirm dashboard access is restricted as expected
3. Check that metrics populate after scheduling `horizon:snapshot`
## Common Pitfalls
- Horizon only works with the Redis queue driver. Other drivers such as database and SQS are not supported.
- Redis Cluster is not supported. Horizon requires a standalone Redis connection.
- Always check `config/horizon.php` before making changes to understand the current supervisor and environment configuration.
- The `environments` array overrides only the keys you specify. It merges into `defaults` and does not replace it.
- The timeout chain must be ordered: job `timeout` less than supervisor `timeout` less than `retry_after`. The wrong order can cause jobs to be retried before Horizon finishes timing them out.
- The metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled. Running `php artisan horizon` alone does not populate metrics.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Horizon documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.

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# Metrics & Snapshots
## Where to Find It
Search with `search-docs`:
- `"horizon metrics snapshot"` for the snapshot command and scheduling
- `"horizon trim snapshots"` for retention configuration
## What to Watch For
### Metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled
Running `horizon` artisan command does not populate metrics automatically. The metrics graph is built from snapshots, so `horizon:snapshot` must be scheduled to run every 5 minutes via Laravel's scheduler.
### Register the snapshot in the scheduler rather than running it manually
A single manual run populates the dashboard momentarily but will not keep it updated. Search `"horizon metrics snapshot"` for the exact scheduler registration syntax, which differs between Laravel 10 and 11+.
### `metrics.trim_snapshots` is a snapshot count, not a time duration
The `trim_snapshots.job` and `trim_snapshots.queue` values in `config/horizon.php` are counts of snapshots to keep, not minutes or hours. With the default of 24 snapshots at 5-minute intervals, that provides 2 hours of history. Increase the value to retain more history at the cost of Redis memory usage.

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# Notifications & Alerts
## Where to Find It
Search with `search-docs`:
- `"horizon notifications"` for Horizon's built-in notification routing helpers
- `"horizon long wait detected"` for LongWaitDetected event details
## What to Watch For
### `waits` in `config/horizon.php` controls the LongWaitDetected threshold
The `waits` array (e.g., `'redis:default' => 60`) defines how many seconds a job can wait in a queue before Horizon fires a `LongWaitDetected` event. This value is set in the config file, not in Horizon's notification routing. If alerts are firing too often or too late, adjust `waits` rather than the routing configuration.
### Use Horizon's built-in notification routing in `HorizonServiceProvider`
Configure notifications in the `boot()` method of `App\Providers\HorizonServiceProvider` using `Horizon::routeMailNotificationsTo()`, `Horizon::routeSlackNotificationsTo()`, or `Horizon::routeSmsNotificationsTo()`. Horizon already wires `LongWaitDetected` to its notification sender, so the documented setup is notification routing rather than manual listener registration.
### Failed job alerts are separate from Horizon's documented notification routing
Horizon's 12.x documentation covers built-in long-wait notifications. Do not assume the docs provide a `JobFailed` listener example in `HorizonServiceProvider`. If a user needs failed job alerts, treat that as custom queue event handling and consult the queue documentation instead of Horizon's notification-routing API.

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# Supervisor & Balancing Configuration
## Where to Find It
Search with `search-docs` before writing any supervisor config, as option names and defaults change between Horizon versions:
- `"horizon supervisor configuration"` for the full options list
- `"horizon balancing strategies"` for auto, simple, and false modes
- `"horizon autoscaling workers"` for autoScalingStrategy details
- `"horizon environment configuration"` for the defaults and environments merge
## What to Watch For
### The `environments` array merges into `defaults` rather than replacing it
The `defaults` array defines the complete base supervisor config. The `environments` array patches it per environment, overriding only the keys listed. There is no need to repeat every key in each environment block. A common pattern is to define `connection`, `queue`, `balance`, `autoScalingStrategy`, `tries`, and `timeout` in `defaults`, then override only `maxProcesses`, `balanceMaxShift`, and `balanceCooldown` in `production`.
### Use separate named supervisors to enforce queue priority
Horizon does not enforce queue order when using `balance: auto` on a single supervisor. The `queue` array order is ignored for load balancing. To process `notifications` before `default`, use two separately named supervisors: one for the high-priority queue with a higher `maxProcesses`, and one for the low-priority queue with a lower cap. The docs include an explicit note about this.
### Use `balance: false` to keep a fixed number of workers on a dedicated queue
Auto-balancing suits variable load, but if a queue should always have exactly N workers such as a video-processing queue limited to 2, set `balance: false` and `maxProcesses: 2`. Auto-balancing would scale it up during bursts, which may be undesirable.
### Set `balanceCooldown` to prevent rapid worker scaling under bursty load
When using `balance: auto`, the supervisor can scale up and down rapidly under bursty load. Set `balanceCooldown` to the number of seconds between scaling decisions, typically 3 to 5, to smooth this out. `balanceMaxShift` limits how many processes are added or removed per cycle.

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# Tags & Silencing
## Where to Find It
Search with `search-docs`:
- `"horizon tags"` for the tagging API and auto-tagging behaviour
- `"horizon silenced jobs"` for the `silenced` and `silenced_tags` config options
## What to Watch For
### Eloquent model jobs are tagged automatically without any extra code
If a job's constructor accepts Eloquent model instances, Horizon automatically tags the job with `ModelClass:id` such as `App\Models\User:42`. These tags are filterable in the dashboard without any changes to the job class. Only add a `tags()` method when custom tags beyond auto-tagging are needed.
### `silenced` hides jobs from the dashboard completed list but does not stop them from running
Adding a job class to the `silenced` array in `config/horizon.php` removes it from the completed jobs view. The job still runs normally. This is a dashboard noise-reduction tool, not a way to disable jobs.
### `silenced_tags` hides all jobs carrying a matching tag from the completed list
Any job carrying a matching tag string is hidden from the completed jobs view. This is useful for silencing a category of jobs such as all jobs tagged `notifications`, rather than silencing specific classes.

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---
name: inertia-vue-development
description: "Develops Inertia.js v3 Vue client-side applications. Activates when creating Vue pages, forms, or navigation; using <Link>, <Form>, useForm, useHttp, setLayoutProps, or router; working with deferred props, prefetching, optimistic updates, instant visits, or polling; or when user mentions Vue with Inertia, Vue pages, Vue forms, or Vue navigation."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Inertia Vue Development
## When to Apply
Activate this skill when:
- Creating or modifying Vue page components for Inertia
- Working with forms in Vue (using `<Form>`, `useForm`, or `useHttp`)
- Implementing client-side navigation with `<Link>` or `router`
- Using v3 features: deferred props, prefetching, optimistic updates, instant visits, layout props, HTTP requests, WhenVisible, InfiniteScroll, once props, flash data, or polling
- Building Vue-specific features with the Inertia protocol
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Inertia v3 Vue patterns and documentation.
## Basic Usage
### Page Components Location
Vue page components should be placed in the `resources/js/pages` directory.
### Page Component Structure
<!-- Basic Vue Page Component -->
```vue
<script setup>
defineProps({
users: Array
})
</script>
<template>
<div>
<h1>Users</h1>
<ul>
<li v-for="user in users" :key="user.id">
{{ user.name }}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
```
## Client-Side Navigation
### Basic Link Component
Use `<Link>` for client-side navigation instead of traditional `<a>` tags:
<!-- Inertia Vue Navigation -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Link } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<div>
<Link href="/">Home</Link>
<Link href="/users">Users</Link>
<Link :href="`/users/${user.id}`">View User</Link>
</div>
</template>
```
### Link with Method
<!-- Link with POST Method -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Link } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Link href="/logout" method="post" as="button">
Logout
</Link>
</template>
```
### Prefetching
Prefetch pages to improve perceived performance:
<!-- Prefetch on Hover -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Link } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Link href="/users" prefetch>
Users
</Link>
</template>
```
### Programmatic Navigation
<!-- Router Visit -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { router } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
function handleClick() {
router.visit('/users')
}
// Or with options
function createUser() {
router.visit('/users', {
method: 'post',
data: { name: 'John' },
onSuccess: () => console.log('Done'),
})
}
</script>
<template>
<Link href="/users">Users</Link>
<Link href="/logout" method="post" as="button">Logout</Link>
</template>
```
## Form Handling
### Form Component (Recommended)
The recommended way to build forms is with the `<Form>` component:
<!-- Form Component Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Form } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Form action="/users" method="post" #default="{ errors, processing, wasSuccessful }">
<input type="text" name="name" />
<div v-if="errors.name">{{ errors.name }}</div>
<input type="email" name="email" />
<div v-if="errors.email">{{ errors.email }}</div>
<button type="submit" :disabled="processing">
{{ processing ? 'Creating...' : 'Create User' }}
</button>
<div v-if="wasSuccessful">User created!</div>
</Form>
</template>
```
### Form Component With All Props
<!-- Form Component Full Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Form } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Form
action="/users"
method="post"
#default="{
errors,
hasErrors,
processing,
progress,
wasSuccessful,
recentlySuccessful,
setError,
clearErrors,
resetAndClearErrors,
defaults,
isDirty,
reset,
submit
}"
>
<input type="text" name="name" :value="defaults.name" />
<div v-if="errors.name">{{ errors.name }}</div>
<button type="submit" :disabled="processing">
{{ processing ? 'Saving...' : 'Save' }}
</button>
<progress v-if="progress" :value="progress.percentage" max="100">
{{ progress.percentage }}%
</progress>
<div v-if="wasSuccessful">Saved!</div>
</Form>
</template>
```
### Form Component Reset Props
The `<Form>` component supports automatic resetting:
- `resetOnError` - Reset form data when the request fails
- `resetOnSuccess` - Reset form data when the request succeeds
- `setDefaultsOnSuccess` - Update default values on success
Use the `search-docs` tool with a query of `form component resetting` for detailed guidance.
<!-- Form with Reset Props -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Form } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Form
action="/users"
method="post"
reset-on-success
set-defaults-on-success
#default="{ errors, processing, wasSuccessful }"
>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<div v-if="errors.name">{{ errors.name }}</div>
<button type="submit" :disabled="processing">
Submit
</button>
</Form>
</template>
```
Forms can also be built using the `useForm` composable for more programmatic control. Use the `search-docs` tool with a query of `useForm helper` for guidance.
### `useForm` Composable
For more programmatic control or to follow existing conventions, use the `useForm` composable:
<!-- useForm Composable Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { useForm } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
const form = useForm({
name: '',
email: '',
password: '',
})
function submit() {
form.post('/users', {
onSuccess: () => form.reset('password'),
})
}
</script>
<template>
<form @submit.prevent="submit">
<input type="text" v-model="form.name" />
<div v-if="form.errors.name">{{ form.errors.name }}</div>
<input type="email" v-model="form.email" />
<div v-if="form.errors.email">{{ form.errors.email }}</div>
<input type="password" v-model="form.password" />
<div v-if="form.errors.password">{{ form.errors.password }}</div>
<button type="submit" :disabled="form.processing">
Create User
</button>
</form>
</template>
```
## Inertia v3 Features
### HTTP Requests
Use the `useHttp` hook for standalone HTTP requests that do not trigger Inertia page visits. It provides the same developer experience as `useForm`, but for plain JSON endpoints.
<!-- useHttp Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { useHttp } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
const http = useHttp({
query: '',
})
function search() {
http.get('/api/search', {
onSuccess: (response) => {
console.log(response)
},
})
}
</script>
<template>
<input v-model="http.query" @input="search" />
<div v-if="http.processing">Searching...</div>
</template>
```
### Optimistic Updates
Apply data changes instantly before the server responds, with automatic rollback on failure:
<!-- Optimistic Update with Router -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { router } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
function like(post) {
router.optimistic((props) => ({
post: {
...props.post,
likes: props.post.likes + 1,
},
})).post(`/posts/${post.id}/like`)
}
</script>
```
Optimistic updates also work with `useForm` and the `<Form>` component:
<!-- Optimistic Update with Form Component -->
```vue
<template>
<Form
action="/todos"
method="post"
:optimistic="(props, data) => ({
todos: [...props.todos, { id: Date.now(), name: data.name, done: false }],
})"
>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<button type="submit">Add Todo</button>
</Form>
</template>
```
### Instant Visits
Navigate to a new page immediately without waiting for the server response. The target component renders right away with shared props, while page-specific props load in the background.
<!-- Instant Visit with Link -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { Link } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
</script>
<template>
<Link href="/dashboard" component="Dashboard">Dashboard</Link>
<Link
href="/posts/1"
component="Posts/Show"
:page-props="{ post: { id: 1, title: 'My Post' } }"
>
View Post
</Link>
</template>
```
### Layout Props
Share dynamic data between pages and persistent layouts:
<!-- Layout Props in Layout -->
```vue
<script setup>
withDefaults(defineProps({
title: String,
showSidebar: Boolean,
}), {
title: 'My App',
showSidebar: true,
})
</script>
<template>
<header>{{ title }}</header>
<aside v-if="showSidebar">Sidebar</aside>
<main>
<slot />
</main>
</template>
```
<!-- Setting Layout Props from Page -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { setLayoutProps } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
setLayoutProps({
title: 'Dashboard',
showSidebar: false,
})
</script>
<template>
<h1>Dashboard</h1>
</template>
```
### Deferred Props
Use deferred props to load data after initial page render:
<!-- Deferred Props with Empty State -->
```vue
<script setup>
defineProps({
users: Array
})
</script>
<template>
<div>
<h1>Users</h1>
<div v-if="!users" class="animate-pulse">
<div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 rounded w-3/4 mb-2"></div>
<div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 rounded w-1/2"></div>
</div>
<ul v-else>
<li v-for="user in users" :key="user.id">
{{ user.name }}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
```
### Polling
Use the `usePoll` composable to automatically refresh data at intervals. It handles cleanup on unmount and throttles polling when the tab is inactive.
<!-- Basic Polling -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { usePoll } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
defineProps({
stats: Object
})
usePoll(5000)
</script>
<template>
<div>
<h1>Dashboard</h1>
<div>Active Users: {{ stats.activeUsers }}</div>
</div>
</template>
```
<!-- Polling With Request Options and Manual Control -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { usePoll } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
defineProps({
stats: Object
})
const { start, stop } = usePoll(5000, {
only: ['stats'],
onStart() {
console.log('Polling request started')
},
onFinish() {
console.log('Polling request finished')
},
}, {
autoStart: false,
keepAlive: true,
})
</script>
<template>
<div>
<h1>Dashboard</h1>
<div>Active Users: {{ stats.activeUsers }}</div>
<button @click="start">Start Polling</button>
<button @click="stop">Stop Polling</button>
</div>
</template>
```
- `autoStart` (default `true`) - set to `false` to start polling manually via the returned `start()` function
- `keepAlive` (default `false`) - set to `true` to prevent throttling when the browser tab is inactive
### WhenVisible
Lazy-load a prop when an element scrolls into view. Useful for deferring expensive data that sits below the fold:
<!-- WhenVisible Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { WhenVisible } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
defineProps({
stats: Object
})
</script>
<template>
<div>
<h1>Dashboard</h1>
<WhenVisible data="stats" :buffer="200">
<template #fallback>
<div class="animate-pulse">Loading stats...</div>
</template>
<template #default="{ fetching }">
<div>
<p>Total Users: {{ stats.total_users }}</p>
<p>Revenue: {{ stats.revenue }}</p>
<span v-if="fetching">Refreshing...</span>
</div>
</template>
</WhenVisible>
</div>
</template>
```
### InfiniteScroll
Automatically load additional pages of paginated data as users scroll:
<!-- InfiniteScroll Example -->
```vue
<script setup>
import { InfiniteScroll } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
defineProps({
users: Object
})
</script>
<template>
<InfiniteScroll data="users">
<div v-for="user in users.data" :key="user.id">
{{ user.name }}
</div>
</InfiniteScroll>
</template>
```
The server must use `Inertia::scroll()` to configure the paginated data. Use the `search-docs` tool with a query of `infinite scroll` for detailed guidance on buffers, manual loading, reverse mode, and custom trigger elements.
## Server-Side Patterns
Server-side patterns (Inertia::render, props, middleware) are covered in inertia-laravel guidelines.
## Common Pitfalls
- Using traditional `<a>` links instead of Inertia's `<Link>` component (breaks SPA behavior)
- Forgetting that Vue components must have a single root element
- Forgetting to add loading states (skeleton screens) when using deferred props
- Not handling the `undefined` state of deferred props before data loads
- Using `<form>` without preventing default submission (use `<Form>` component or `@submit.prevent`)
- Forgetting to check if `<Form>` component is available in your Inertia version
- Using `router.cancel()` instead of `router.cancelAll()` (v3 breaking change)
- Using `router.on('invalid', ...)` or `router.on('exception', ...)` instead of the renamed `httpException` and `networkError` events

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---
name: laravel-best-practices
description: "Apply this skill whenever writing, reviewing, or refactoring Laravel PHP code. This includes creating or modifying controllers, models, migrations, form requests, policies, jobs, scheduled commands, service classes, and Eloquent queries. Triggers for N+1 and query performance issues, caching strategies, authorization and security patterns, validation, error handling, queue and job configuration, route definitions, and architectural decisions. Also use for Laravel code reviews and refactoring existing Laravel code to follow best practices. Covers any task involving Laravel backend PHP code patterns."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Laravel Best Practices
Best practices for Laravel, prioritized by impact. Each rule teaches what to do and why. For exact API syntax, verify with `search-docs`.
## Consistency First
Before applying any rule, check what the application already does. Laravel offers multiple valid approaches — the best choice is the one the codebase already uses, even if another pattern would be theoretically better. Inconsistency is worse than a suboptimal pattern.
Check sibling files, related controllers, models, or tests for established patterns. If one exists, follow it — don't introduce a second way. These rules are defaults for when no pattern exists yet, not overrides.
## Quick Reference
### 1. Database Performance → `rules/db-performance.md`
- Eager load with `with()` to prevent N+1 queries
- Enable `Model::preventLazyLoading()` in development
- Select only needed columns, avoid `SELECT *`
- `chunk()` / `chunkById()` for large datasets
- Index columns used in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, `JOIN`
- `withCount()` instead of loading relations to count
- `cursor()` for memory-efficient read-only iteration
- Never query in Blade templates
### 2. Advanced Query Patterns → `rules/advanced-queries.md`
- `addSelect()` subqueries over eager-loading entire has-many for a single value
- Dynamic relationships via subquery FK + `belongsTo`
- Conditional aggregates (`CASE WHEN` in `selectRaw`) over multiple count queries
- `setRelation()` to prevent circular N+1 queries
- `whereIn` + `pluck()` over `whereHas` for better index usage
- Two simple queries can beat one complex query
- Compound indexes matching `orderBy` column order
- Correlated subqueries in `orderBy` for has-many sorting (avoid joins)
### 3. Security → `rules/security.md`
- Define `$fillable` or `$guarded` on every model, authorize every action via policies or gates
- No raw SQL with user input — use Eloquent or query builder
- `{{ }}` for output escaping, `@csrf` on all POST/PUT/DELETE forms, `throttle` on auth and API routes
- Validate MIME type, extension, and size for file uploads
- Never commit `.env`, use `config()` for secrets, `encrypted` cast for sensitive DB fields
### 4. Caching → `rules/caching.md`
- `Cache::remember()` over manual get/put
- `Cache::flexible()` for stale-while-revalidate on high-traffic data
- `Cache::memo()` to avoid redundant cache hits within a request
- Cache tags to invalidate related groups
- `Cache::add()` for atomic conditional writes
- `once()` to memoize per-request or per-object lifetime
- `Cache::lock()` / `lockForUpdate()` for race conditions
- Failover cache stores in production
### 5. Eloquent Patterns → `rules/eloquent.md`
- Correct relationship types with return type hints
- Local scopes for reusable query constraints
- Global scopes sparingly — document their existence
- Attribute casts in the `casts()` method
- Cast date columns, use Carbon instances in templates
- `whereBelongsTo($model)` for cleaner queries
- Never hardcode table names — use `(new Model)->getTable()` or Eloquent queries
### 6. Validation & Forms → `rules/validation.md`
- Form Request classes, not inline validation
- Array notation `['required', 'email']` for new code; follow existing convention
- `$request->validated()` only — never `$request->all()`
- `Rule::when()` for conditional validation
- `after()` instead of `withValidator()`
### 7. Configuration → `rules/config.md`
- `env()` only inside config files
- `App::environment()` or `app()->isProduction()`
- Config, lang files, and constants over hardcoded text
### 8. Testing Patterns → `rules/testing.md`
- `LazilyRefreshDatabase` over `RefreshDatabase` for speed
- `assertModelExists()` over raw `assertDatabaseHas()`
- Factory states and sequences over manual overrides
- Use fakes (`Event::fake()`, `Exceptions::fake()`, etc.) — but always after factory setup, not before
- `recycle()` to share relationship instances across factories
### 9. Queue & Job Patterns → `rules/queue-jobs.md`
- `retry_after` must exceed job `timeout`; use exponential backoff `[1, 5, 10]`
- `ShouldBeUnique` to prevent duplicates; `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` for early lock release
- Always implement `failed()`; with `retryUntil()`, set `$tries = 0`
- `RateLimited` middleware for external API calls; `Bus::batch()` for related jobs
- Horizon for complex multi-queue scenarios
### 10. Routing & Controllers → `rules/routing.md`
- Implicit route model binding
- Scoped bindings for nested resources
- `Route::resource()` or `apiResource()`
- Methods under 10 lines — extract to actions/services
- Type-hint Form Requests for auto-validation
### 11. HTTP Client → `rules/http-client.md`
- Explicit `timeout` and `connectTimeout` on every request
- `retry()` with exponential backoff for external APIs
- Check response status or use `throw()`
- `Http::pool()` for concurrent independent requests
- `Http::fake()` and `preventStrayRequests()` in tests
### 12. Events, Notifications & Mail → `rules/events-notifications.md`, `rules/mail.md`
- Event discovery over manual registration; `event:cache` in production
- `ShouldDispatchAfterCommit` / `afterCommit()` inside transactions
- Queue notifications and mailables with `ShouldQueue`
- On-demand notifications for non-user recipients
- `HasLocalePreference` on notifiable models
- `assertQueued()` not `assertSent()` for queued mailables
- Markdown mailables for transactional emails
### 13. Error Handling → `rules/error-handling.md`
- `report()`/`render()` on exception classes or in `bootstrap/app.php` — follow existing pattern
- `ShouldntReport` for exceptions that should never log
- Throttle high-volume exceptions to protect log sinks
- `dontReportDuplicates()` for multi-catch scenarios
- Force JSON rendering for API routes
- Structured context via `context()` on exception classes
### 14. Task Scheduling → `rules/scheduling.md`
- `withoutOverlapping()` on variable-duration tasks
- `onOneServer()` on multi-server deployments
- `runInBackground()` for concurrent long tasks
- `environments()` to restrict to appropriate environments
- `takeUntilTimeout()` for time-bounded processing
- Schedule groups for shared configuration
### 15. Architecture → `rules/architecture.md`
- Single-purpose Action classes; dependency injection over `app()` helper
- Prefer official Laravel packages and follow conventions, don't override defaults
- Default to `ORDER BY id DESC` or `created_at DESC`; `mb_*` for UTF-8 safety
- `defer()` for post-response work; `Context` for request-scoped data; `Concurrency::run()` for parallel execution
### 16. Migrations → `rules/migrations.md`
- Generate migrations with `php artisan make:migration`
- `constrained()` for foreign keys
- Never modify migrations that have run in production
- Add indexes in the migration, not as an afterthought
- Mirror column defaults in model `$attributes`
- Reversible `down()` by default; forward-fix migrations for intentionally irreversible changes
- One concern per migration — never mix DDL and DML
### 17. Collections → `rules/collections.md`
- Higher-order messages for simple collection operations
- `cursor()` vs. `lazy()` — choose based on relationship needs
- `lazyById()` when updating records while iterating
- `toQuery()` for bulk operations on collections
### 18. Blade & Views → `rules/blade-views.md`
- `$attributes->merge()` in component templates
- Blade components over `@include`; `@pushOnce` for per-component scripts
- View Composers for shared view data
- `@aware` for deeply nested component props
### 19. Conventions & Style → `rules/style.md`
- Follow Laravel naming conventions for all entities
- Prefer Laravel helpers (`Str`, `Arr`, `Number`, `Uri`, `Str::of()`, `$request->string()`) over raw PHP functions
- No JS/CSS in Blade, no HTML in PHP classes
- Code should be readable; comments only for config files
## How to Apply
Always use a sub-agent to read rule files and explore this skill's content.
1. Identify the file type and select relevant sections (e.g., migration → §16, controller → §1, §3, §5, §6, §10)
2. Check sibling files for existing patterns — follow those first per Consistency First
3. Verify API syntax with `search-docs` for the installed Laravel version

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# Advanced Query Patterns
## Use `addSelect()` Subqueries for Single Values from Has-Many
Instead of eager-loading an entire has-many relationship for a single value (like the latest timestamp), use a correlated subquery via `addSelect()`. This pulls the value directly in the main SQL query — zero extra queries.
```php
public function scopeWithLastLoginAt($query): void
{
$query->addSelect([
'last_login_at' => Login::select('created_at')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1),
])->withCasts(['last_login_at' => 'datetime']);
}
```
## Create Dynamic Relationships via Subquery FK
Extend the `addSelect()` pattern to fetch a foreign key via subquery, then define a `belongsTo` relationship on that virtual attribute. This provides a fully-hydrated related model without loading the entire collection.
```php
public function lastLogin(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(Login::class);
}
public function scopeWithLastLogin($query): void
{
$query->addSelect([
'last_login_id' => Login::select('id')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1),
])->with('lastLogin');
}
```
## Use Conditional Aggregates Instead of Multiple Count Queries
Replace N separate `count()` queries with a single query using `CASE WHEN` inside `selectRaw()`. Use `toBase()` to skip model hydration when you only need scalar values.
```php
$statuses = Feature::toBase()
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Requested' then 1 end) as requested")
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Planned' then 1 end) as planned")
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Completed' then 1 end) as completed")
->first();
```
## Use `setRelation()` to Prevent Circular N+1
When a parent model is eager-loaded with its children, and the view also needs `$child->parent`, use `setRelation()` to inject the already-loaded parent rather than letting Eloquent fire N additional queries.
```php
$feature->load('comments.user');
$feature->comments->each->setRelation('feature', $feature);
```
## Prefer `whereIn` + Subquery Over `whereHas`
`whereHas()` emits a correlated `EXISTS` subquery that re-executes per row. Using `whereIn()` with a `select('id')` subquery lets the database use an index lookup instead, without loading data into PHP memory.
Incorrect (correlated EXISTS re-executes per row):
```php
$query->whereHas('company', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', $term));
```
Correct (index-friendly subquery, no PHP memory overhead):
```php
$query->whereIn('company_id', Company::where('name', 'like', $term)->select('id'));
```
## Sometimes Two Simple Queries Beat One Complex Query
Running a small, targeted secondary query and passing its results via `whereIn` is often faster than a single complex correlated subquery or join. The additional round-trip is worthwhile when the secondary query is highly selective and uses its own index.
## Use Compound Indexes Matching `orderBy` Column Order
When ordering by multiple columns, create a single compound index in the same column order as the `ORDER BY` clause. Individual single-column indexes cannot combine for multi-column sorts — the database will filesort without a compound index.
```php
// Migration
$table->index(['last_name', 'first_name']);
// Query — column order must match the index
User::query()->orderBy('last_name')->orderBy('first_name')->paginate();
```
## Use Correlated Subqueries for Has-Many Ordering
When sorting by a value from a has-many relationship, avoid joins (they duplicate rows). Use a correlated subquery inside `orderBy()` instead, paired with an `addSelect` scope for eager loading.
```php
public function scopeOrderByLastLogin($query): void
{
$query->orderByDesc(Login::select('created_at')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1)
);
}
```

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# Architecture Best Practices
## Single-Purpose Action Classes
Extract discrete business operations into invokable Action classes.
```php
class CreateOrderAction
{
public function __construct(private InventoryService $inventory) {}
public function execute(array $data): Order
{
$order = Order::create($data);
$this->inventory->reserve($order);
return $order;
}
}
```
## Use Dependency Injection
Always use constructor injection. Avoid `app()` or `resolve()` inside classes.
Incorrect:
```php
class OrderController extends Controller
{
public function store(StoreOrderRequest $request)
{
$service = app(OrderService::class);
return $service->create($request->validated());
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class OrderController extends Controller
{
public function __construct(private OrderService $service) {}
public function store(StoreOrderRequest $request)
{
return $this->service->create($request->validated());
}
}
```
## Code to Interfaces
Depend on contracts at system boundaries (payment gateways, notification channels, external APIs) for testability and swappability.
Incorrect (concrete dependency):
```php
class OrderService
{
public function __construct(private StripeGateway $gateway) {}
}
```
Correct (interface dependency):
```php
interface PaymentGateway
{
public function charge(int $amount, string $customerId): PaymentResult;
}
class OrderService
{
public function __construct(private PaymentGateway $gateway) {}
}
```
Bind in a service provider:
```php
$this->app->bind(PaymentGateway::class, StripeGateway::class);
```
## Default Sort by Descending
When no explicit order is specified, sort by `id` or `created_at` descending. Without an explicit `ORDER BY`, row order is undefined.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::paginate();
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::latest()->paginate();
```
## Use Atomic Locks for Race Conditions
Prevent race conditions with `Cache::lock()` or `lockForUpdate()`.
```php
Cache::lock('order-processing-'.$order->id, 10)->block(5, function () use ($order) {
$order->process();
});
// Or at query level
$product = Product::where('id', $id)->lockForUpdate()->first();
```
## Use `mb_*` String Functions
When no Laravel helper exists, prefer `mb_strlen`, `mb_strtolower`, etc. for UTF-8 safety. Standard PHP string functions count bytes, not characters.
Incorrect:
```php
strlen('José'); // 5 (bytes, not characters)
strtolower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'mÜnchen' — fails on multibyte
```
Correct:
```php
mb_strlen('José'); // 4 (characters)
mb_strtolower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'münchen'
// Prefer Laravel's Str helpers when available
Str::length('José'); // 4
Str::lower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'münchen'
```
## Use `defer()` for Post-Response Work
For lightweight tasks that don't need to survive a crash (logging, analytics, cleanup), use `defer()` instead of dispatching a job. The callback runs after the HTTP response is sent — no queue overhead.
Incorrect (job overhead for trivial work):
```php
dispatch(new LogPageView($page));
```
Correct (runs after response, same process):
```php
defer(fn () => PageView::create(['page_id' => $page->id, 'user_id' => auth()->id()]));
```
Use jobs when the work must survive process crashes or needs retry logic. Use `defer()` for fire-and-forget work.
## Use `Context` for Request-Scoped Data
The `Context` facade passes data through the entire request lifecycle — middleware, controllers, jobs, logs — without passing arguments manually.
```php
// In middleware
Context::add('tenant_id', $request->header('X-Tenant-ID'));
// Anywhere later — controllers, jobs, log context
$tenantId = Context::get('tenant_id');
```
Context data automatically propagates to queued jobs and is included in log entries. Use `Context::addHidden()` for sensitive data that should be available in queued jobs but excluded from log context. If data must not leave the current process, do not store it in `Context`.
## Use `Concurrency::run()` for Parallel Execution
Run independent operations in parallel using child processes — no async libraries needed.
```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Concurrency;
[$users, $orders] = Concurrency::run([
fn () => User::count(),
fn () => Order::where('status', 'pending')->count(),
]);
```
Each closure runs in a separate process with full Laravel access. Use for independent database queries, API calls, or computations that would otherwise run sequentially.
## Convention Over Configuration
Follow Laravel conventions. Don't override defaults unnecessarily.
Incorrect:
```php
class Customer extends Model
{
protected $table = 'Customer';
protected $primaryKey = 'customer_id';
public function roles(): BelongsToMany
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'role_customer', 'customer_id', 'role_id');
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class Customer extends Model
{
public function roles(): BelongsToMany
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class);
}
}
```

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# Blade & Views Best Practices
## Use `$attributes->merge()` in Component Templates
Hardcoding classes prevents consumers from adding their own. `merge()` combines class attributes cleanly.
```blade
<div {{ $attributes->merge(['class' => 'alert alert-'.$type]) }}>
{{ $message }}
</div>
```
## Use `@pushOnce` for Per-Component Scripts
If a component renders inside a `@foreach`, `@push` inserts the script N times. `@pushOnce` guarantees it's included exactly once.
## Prefer Blade Components Over `@include`
`@include` shares all parent variables implicitly (hidden coupling). Components have explicit props, attribute bags, and slots.
## Use View Composers for Shared View Data
If every controller rendering a sidebar must pass `$categories`, that's duplicated code. A View Composer centralizes it.
## Use Blade Fragments for Partial Re-Renders (htmx/Turbo)
A single view can return either the full page or just a fragment, keeping routing clean.
```php
return view('dashboard', compact('users'))
->fragmentIf($request->hasHeader('HX-Request'), 'user-list');
```
## Use `@aware` for Deeply Nested Component Props
Avoids re-passing parent props through every level of nested components.

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@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
# Caching Best Practices
## Use `Cache::remember()` Instead of Manual Get/Put
Cleaner cache-aside pattern that removes boilerplate. use `Cache::lock()` for race conditions.
Incorrect:
```php
$val = Cache::get('stats');
if (! $val) {
$val = $this->computeStats();
Cache::put('stats', $val, 60);
}
```
Correct:
```php
$val = Cache::remember('stats', 60, fn () => $this->computeStats());
```
## Use `Cache::flexible()` for Stale-While-Revalidate
On high-traffic keys, one user always gets a slow response when the cache expires. `flexible()` serves slightly stale data while refreshing in the background.
Incorrect: `Cache::remember('users', 300, fn () => User::all());`
Correct: `Cache::flexible('users', [300, 600], fn () => User::all());` — fresh for 5 min, stale-but-served up to 10 min, refreshes via deferred function.
## Use `Cache::memo()` to Avoid Redundant Hits Within a Request
If the same cache key is read multiple times per request (e.g., a service called from multiple places), `memo()` stores the resolved value in memory.
`Cache::memo()->get('settings');` — 5 calls = 1 Redis round-trip instead of 5.
## Use Cache Tags to Invalidate Related Groups
Without tags, invalidating a group of entries requires tracking every key. Tags let you flush atomically. Only works with `redis`, `memcached`, `dynamodb` — not `file` or `database`.
```php
Cache::tags(['user-1'])->flush();
```
## Use `Cache::add()` for Atomic Conditional Writes
`add()` only writes if the key does not exist — atomic, no race condition between checking and writing.
Incorrect: `if (! Cache::has('lock')) { Cache::put('lock', true, 10); }`
Correct: `Cache::add('lock', true, 10);`
## Use `once()` for Per-Request Memoization
`once()` memoizes a function's return value for the lifetime of the object (or request for closures). Unlike `Cache::memo()`, it doesn't hit the cache store at all — pure in-memory.
```php
public function roles(): Collection
{
return once(fn () => $this->loadRoles());
}
```
Multiple calls return the cached result without re-executing. Use `once()` for expensive computations called multiple times per request. Use `Cache::memo()` when you also want cross-request caching.
## Configure Failover Cache Stores in Production
If Redis goes down, the app falls back to a secondary store automatically.
```php
'failover' => ['driver' => 'failover', 'stores' => ['redis', 'database']],
```

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# Collection Best Practices
## Use Higher-Order Messages for Simple Operations
Incorrect:
```php
$users->each(function (User $user) {
$user->markAsVip();
});
```
Correct: `$users->each->markAsVip();`
Works with `each`, `map`, `sum`, `filter`, `reject`, `contains`, etc.
## Choose `cursor()` vs. `lazy()` Correctly
- `cursor()` — one model in memory, but cannot eager-load relationships (N+1 risk).
- `lazy()` — chunked pagination returning a flat LazyCollection, supports eager loading.
Incorrect: `User::with('roles')->cursor()` — eager loading silently ignored.
Correct: `User::with('roles')->lazy()` for relationship access; `User::cursor()` for attribute-only work.
## Use `lazyById()` When Updating Records While Iterating
`lazy()` uses offset pagination — updating records during iteration can skip or double-process. `lazyById()` uses `id > last_id`, safe against mutation.
## Use `toQuery()` for Bulk Operations on Collections
Avoids manual `whereIn` construction.
Incorrect: `User::whereIn('id', $users->pluck('id'))->update([...]);`
Correct: `$users->toQuery()->update([...]);`
## Use `#[CollectedBy]` for Custom Collection Classes
More declarative than overriding `newCollection()`.
```php
#[CollectedBy(UserCollection::class)]
class User extends Model {}
```

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# Configuration Best Practices
## `env()` Only in Config Files
Direct `env()` calls may return `null` when config is cached.
Incorrect:
```php
$key = env('API_KEY');
```
Correct:
```php
// config/services.php
'key' => env('API_KEY'),
// Application code
$key = config('services.key');
```
## Use Encrypted Env or External Secrets
Never store production secrets in plain `.env` files in version control.
Incorrect:
```bash
# .env committed to repo or shared in Slack
STRIPE_SECRET=sk_live_abc123
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI
```
Correct:
```bash
php artisan env:encrypt --env=production --readable
php artisan env:decrypt --env=production
```
For cloud deployments, prefer the platform's native secret store (AWS Secrets Manager, Vault, etc.) and inject at runtime.
## Use `App::environment()` for Environment Checks
Incorrect:
```php
if (env('APP_ENV') === 'production') {
```
Correct:
```php
if (app()->isProduction()) {
// or
if (App::environment('production')) {
```
## Use Constants and Language Files
Use class constants instead of hardcoded magic strings for model states, types, and statuses.
```php
// Incorrect
return $this->type === 'normal';
// Correct
return $this->type === self::TYPE_NORMAL;
```
If the application already uses language files for localization, use `__()` for user-facing strings too. Do not introduce language files purely for English-only apps — simple string literals are fine there.
```php
// Only when lang files already exist in the project
return back()->with('message', __('app.article_added'));
```

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# Database Performance Best Practices
## Always Eager Load Relationships
Lazy loading causes N+1 query problems — one query per loop iteration. Always use `with()` to load relationships upfront.
Incorrect (N+1 — executes 1 + N queries):
```php
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->author->name;
}
```
Correct (2 queries total):
```php
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->author->name;
}
```
Constrain eager loads to select only needed columns (always include the foreign key):
```php
$users = User::with(['posts' => function ($query) {
$query->select('id', 'user_id', 'title')
->where('published', true)
->latest()
->limit(10);
}])->get();
```
## Prevent Lazy Loading in Development
Enable this in `AppServiceProvider::boot()` to catch N+1 issues during development.
```php
public function boot(): void
{
Model::preventLazyLoading(! app()->isProduction());
}
```
Throws `LazyLoadingViolationException` when a relationship is accessed without being eager-loaded.
## Select Only Needed Columns
Avoid `SELECT *` — especially when tables have large text or JSON columns.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::select('id', 'title', 'user_id', 'created_at')
->with(['author:id,name,avatar'])
->get();
```
When selecting columns on eager-loaded relationships, always include the foreign key column or the relationship won't match.
## Chunk Large Datasets
Never load thousands of records at once. Use chunking for batch processing.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
$user->notify(new WeeklyDigest);
}
```
Correct:
```php
User::where('subscribed', true)->chunk(200, function ($users) {
foreach ($users as $user) {
$user->notify(new WeeklyDigest);
}
});
```
Use `chunkById()` when modifying records during iteration — standard `chunk()` uses OFFSET which shifts when rows change:
```php
User::where('active', false)->chunkById(200, function ($users) {
$users->each->delete();
});
```
## Add Database Indexes
Index columns that appear in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, `JOIN`, and `GROUP BY` clauses.
Incorrect:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();
$table->string('status');
$table->timestamps();
});
```
Correct:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->index()->constrained();
$table->string('status')->index();
$table->timestamps();
$table->index(['status', 'created_at']);
});
```
Add composite indexes for common query patterns (e.g., `WHERE status = ? ORDER BY created_at`).
## Use `withCount()` for Counting Relations
Never load entire collections just to count them.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->comments->count();
}
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::withCount('comments')->get();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->comments_count;
}
```
Conditional counting:
```php
$posts = Post::withCount([
'comments',
'comments as approved_comments_count' => function ($query) {
$query->where('approved', true);
},
])->get();
```
## Use `cursor()` for Memory-Efficient Iteration
For read-only iteration over large result sets, `cursor()` loads one record at a time via a PHP generator.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = User::where('active', true)->get();
```
Correct:
```php
foreach (User::where('active', true)->cursor() as $user) {
ProcessUser::dispatch($user->id);
}
```
Use `cursor()` for read-only iteration. Use `chunk()` / `chunkById()` when modifying records.
## No Queries in Blade Templates
Never execute queries in Blade templates. Pass data from controllers.
Incorrect:
```blade
@foreach (User::all() as $user)
{{ $user->profile->name }}
@endforeach
```
Correct:
```php
// Controller
$users = User::with('profile')->get();
return view('users.index', compact('users'));
```
```blade
@foreach ($users as $user)
{{ $user->profile->name }}
@endforeach
```

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# Eloquent Best Practices
## Use Correct Relationship Types
Use `hasMany`, `belongsTo`, `morphMany`, etc. with proper return type hints.
```php
public function comments(): HasMany
{
return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
}
public function author(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');
}
```
## Use Local Scopes for Reusable Queries
Extract reusable query constraints into local scopes to avoid duplication.
Incorrect:
```php
$active = User::where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at')->get();
$articles = Article::whereHas('user', function ($q) {
$q->where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at');
})->get();
```
Correct:
```php
public function scopeActive(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at');
}
// Usage
$active = User::active()->get();
$articles = Article::whereHas('user', fn ($q) => $q->active())->get();
```
## Apply Global Scopes Sparingly
Global scopes silently modify every query on the model, making debugging difficult. Prefer local scopes and reserve global scopes for truly universal constraints like soft deletes or multi-tenancy.
Incorrect (global scope for a conditional filter):
```php
class PublishedScope implements Scope
{
public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
{
$builder->where('published', true);
}
}
// Now admin panels, reports, and background jobs all silently skip drafts
```
Correct (local scope you opt into):
```php
public function scopePublished(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->where('published', true);
}
Post::published()->paginate(); // Explicit
Post::paginate(); // Admin sees all
```
## Define Attribute Casts
Use the `casts()` method (or `$casts` property following project convention) for automatic type conversion.
```php
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'is_active' => 'boolean',
'metadata' => 'array',
'total' => 'decimal:2',
];
}
```
## Cast Date Columns Properly
Always cast date columns. Use Carbon instances in templates instead of formatting strings manually.
Incorrect:
```blade
{{ Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-d-m H-i', $order->ordered_at)->toDateString() }}
```
Correct:
```php
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'ordered_at' => 'datetime',
];
}
```
```blade
{{ $order->ordered_at->toDateString() }}
{{ $order->ordered_at->format('m-d') }}
```
## Use `whereBelongsTo()` for Relationship Queries
Cleaner than manually specifying foreign keys.
Incorrect:
```php
Post::where('user_id', $user->id)->get();
```
Correct:
```php
Post::whereBelongsTo($user)->get();
Post::whereBelongsTo($user, 'author')->get();
```
## Avoid Hardcoded Table Names in Queries
Never use string literals for table names in raw queries, joins, or subqueries. Hardcoded table names make it impossible to find all places a model is used and break refactoring (e.g., renaming a table requires hunting through every raw string).
Incorrect:
```php
DB::table('users')->where('active', true)->get();
$query->join('companies', 'companies.id', '=', 'users.company_id');
DB::select('SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = ?', ['pending']);
```
Correct — reference the model's table:
```php
DB::table((new User)->getTable())->where('active', true)->get();
// Even better — use Eloquent or the query builder instead of raw SQL
User::where('active', true)->get();
Order::where('status', 'pending')->get();
```
Prefer Eloquent queries and relationships over `DB::table()` whenever possible — they already reference the model's table. When `DB::table()` or raw joins are unavoidable, always use `(new Model)->getTable()` to keep the reference traceable.
**Exception — migrations:** In migrations, hardcoded table names via `DB::table('settings')` are acceptable and preferred. Models change over time but migrations are frozen snapshots — referencing a model that is later renamed or deleted would break the migration.

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# Error Handling Best Practices
## Exception Reporting and Rendering
There are two valid approaches — choose one and apply it consistently across the project.
**Co-location on the exception class** — keeps behavior alongside the exception definition, easier to find:
```php
class InvalidOrderException extends Exception
{
public function report(): void { /* custom reporting */ }
public function render(Request $request): Response
{
return response()->view('errors.invalid-order', status: 422);
}
}
```
**Centralized in `bootstrap/app.php`** — all exception handling in one place, easier to see the full picture:
```php
->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
$exceptions->report(function (InvalidOrderException $e) { /* ... */ });
$exceptions->render(function (InvalidOrderException $e, Request $request) {
return response()->view('errors.invalid-order', status: 422);
});
})
```
Check the existing codebase and follow whichever pattern is already established.
## Use `ShouldntReport` for Exceptions That Should Never Log
More discoverable than listing classes in `dontReport()`.
```php
class PodcastProcessingException extends Exception implements ShouldntReport {}
```
## Throttle High-Volume Exceptions
A single failing integration can flood error tracking. Use `throttle()` to rate-limit per exception type.
## Enable `dontReportDuplicates()`
Prevents the same exception instance from being logged multiple times when `report($e)` is called in multiple catch blocks.
## Force JSON Error Rendering for API Routes
Laravel auto-detects `Accept: application/json` but API clients may not set it. Explicitly declare JSON rendering for API routes.
```php
$exceptions->shouldRenderJsonWhen(function (Request $request, Throwable $e) {
return $request->is('api/*') || $request->expectsJson();
});
```
## Add Context to Exception Classes
Attach structured data to exceptions at the source via a `context()` method — Laravel includes it automatically in the log entry.
```php
class InvalidOrderException extends Exception
{
public function context(): array
{
return ['order_id' => $this->orderId];
}
}
```

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# Events & Notifications Best Practices
## Rely on Event Discovery
Laravel auto-discovers listeners by reading `handle(EventType $event)` type-hints. No manual registration needed in `AppServiceProvider`.
## Run `event:cache` in Production Deploy
Event discovery scans the filesystem per-request in dev. Cache it in production: `php artisan optimize` or `php artisan event:cache`.
## Use `ShouldDispatchAfterCommit` Inside Transactions
Without it, a queued listener may process before the DB transaction commits, reading data that doesn't exist yet.
```php
class OrderShipped implements ShouldDispatchAfterCommit {}
```
## Always Queue Notifications
Notifications often hit external APIs (email, SMS, Slack). Without `ShouldQueue`, they block the HTTP response.
```php
class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
{
use Queueable;
}
```
## Use `afterCommit()` on Notifications in Transactions
Same race condition as events — call `afterCommit()` to delay dispatch until the transaction commits.
```php
$user->notify((new InvoicePaid($invoice))->afterCommit());
```
## Route Notification Channels to Dedicated Queues
Mail and database notifications have different priorities. Use `viaQueues()` to route them to separate queues.
## Use On-Demand Notifications for Non-User Recipients
Avoid creating dummy models to send notifications to arbitrary addresses.
```php
Notification::route('mail', 'admin@example.com')->notify(new SystemAlert());
```
## Implement `HasLocalePreference` on Notifiable Models
Laravel automatically uses the user's preferred locale for all notifications and mailables — no per-call `locale()` needed.

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# HTTP Client Best Practices
## Always Set Explicit Timeouts
The default timeout is 30 seconds — too long for most API calls. Always set explicit `timeout` and `connectTimeout` to fail fast.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users');
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::timeout(5)
->connectTimeout(3)
->get('https://api.example.com/users');
```
For service-specific clients, define timeouts in a macro:
```php
Http::macro('github', function () {
return Http::baseUrl('https://api.github.com')
->timeout(10)
->connectTimeout(3)
->withToken(config('services.github.token'));
});
$response = Http::github()->get('/repos/laravel/framework');
```
## Use Retry with Backoff for External APIs
External APIs have transient failures. Use `retry()` with increasing delays.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::post('https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges', $data);
if ($response->failed()) {
throw new PaymentFailedException('Charge failed');
}
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::retry([100, 500, 1000])
->timeout(10)
->post('https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges', $data);
```
Only retry on specific errors:
```php
$response = Http::retry(3, 100, function (Throwable $exception, PendingRequest $request) {
return $exception instanceof ConnectionException
|| ($exception instanceof RequestException && $exception->response->serverError());
})->post('https://api.example.com/data');
```
## Handle Errors Explicitly
The HTTP Client does not throw on 4xx/5xx by default. Always check status or use `throw()`.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users/1');
$user = $response->json(); // Could be an error body
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::timeout(5)
->get('https://api.example.com/users/1')
->throw();
$user = $response->json();
```
For graceful degradation:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users/1');
if ($response->successful()) {
return $response->json();
}
if ($response->notFound()) {
return null;
}
$response->throw();
```
## Use Request Pooling for Concurrent Requests
When making multiple independent API calls, use `Http::pool()` instead of sequential calls.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users')->json();
$posts = Http::get('https://api.example.com/posts')->json();
$comments = Http::get('https://api.example.com/comments')->json();
```
Correct:
```php
use Illuminate\Http\Client\Pool;
$responses = Http::pool(fn (Pool $pool) => [
$pool->as('users')->get('https://api.example.com/users'),
$pool->as('posts')->get('https://api.example.com/posts'),
$pool->as('comments')->get('https://api.example.com/comments'),
]);
$users = $responses['users']->json();
$posts = $responses['posts']->json();
```
## Fake HTTP Calls in Tests
Never make real HTTP requests in tests. Use `Http::fake()` and `preventStrayRequests()`.
Incorrect:
```php
it('syncs user from API', function () {
$service = new UserSyncService;
$service->sync(1); // Hits the real API
});
```
Correct:
```php
it('syncs user from API', function () {
Http::preventStrayRequests();
Http::fake([
'api.example.com/users/1' => Http::response([
'name' => 'John Doe',
'email' => 'john@example.com',
]),
]);
$service = new UserSyncService;
$service->sync(1);
Http::assertSent(function (Request $request) {
return $request->url() === 'https://api.example.com/users/1';
});
});
```
Test failure scenarios too:
```php
Http::fake([
'api.example.com/*' => Http::failedConnection(),
]);
```

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# Mail Best Practices
## Implement `ShouldQueue` on the Mailable Class
Makes queueing the default regardless of how the mailable is dispatched. No need to remember `Mail::queue()` at every call site — `Mail::send()` also queues it.
## Use `afterCommit()` on Mailables Inside Transactions
A queued mailable dispatched inside a transaction may process before the commit. Use `$this->afterCommit()` in the constructor.
## Use `assertQueued()` Not `assertSent()` for Queued Mailables
`Mail::assertSent()` only catches synchronous mail. Queued mailables fail `assertSent` with a "Did you mean to use assertQueued()?" hint.
Incorrect: `Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class);` when mailable implements `ShouldQueue`.
Correct: `Mail::assertQueued(OrderShipped::class);`
## Use Markdown Mailables for Transactional Emails
Markdown mailables auto-generate both HTML and plain-text versions, use responsive components, and allow global style customization. Generate with `--markdown` flag.
## Separate Content Tests from Sending Tests
Content tests: instantiate the mailable directly, call `assertSeeInHtml()`.
Sending tests: use `Mail::fake()` and `assertSent()`/`assertQueued()`.
Don't mix them — it conflates concerns and makes tests brittle.

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# Migration Best Practices
## Generate Migrations with Artisan
Always use `php artisan make:migration` for consistent naming and timestamps.
Incorrect (manually created file):
```php
// database/migrations/posts_migration.php ← wrong naming, no timestamp
```
Correct (Artisan-generated):
```bash
php artisan make:migration create_posts_table
php artisan make:migration add_slug_to_posts_table
```
## Use `constrained()` for Foreign Keys
Automatic naming and referential integrity.
```php
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
// Non-standard names
$table->foreignId('author_id')->constrained('users');
```
## Never Modify Deployed Migrations
Once a migration has run in production, treat it as immutable. Create a new migration to change the table.
Incorrect (editing a deployed migration):
```php
// 2024_01_01_create_posts_table.php — already in production
$table->string('slug')->unique(); // ← added after deployment
```
Correct (new migration to alter):
```php
// 2024_03_15_add_slug_to_posts_table.php
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->string('slug')->unique()->after('title');
});
```
## Add Indexes in the Migration
Add indexes when creating the table, not as an afterthought. Columns used in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, and `JOIN` clauses need indexes.
Incorrect:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();
$table->string('status');
$table->timestamps();
});
```
Correct:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->index();
$table->string('status')->index();
$table->timestamp('shipped_at')->nullable()->index();
$table->timestamps();
});
```
## Mirror Defaults in Model `$attributes`
When a column has a database default, mirror it in the model so new instances have correct values before saving.
```php
// Migration
$table->string('status')->default('pending');
// Model
protected $attributes = [
'status' => 'pending',
];
```
## Write Reversible `down()` Methods by Default
Implement `down()` for schema changes that can be safely reversed so `migrate:rollback` works in CI and failed deployments.
```php
public function down(): void
{
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropColumn('slug');
});
}
```
For intentionally irreversible migrations (e.g., destructive data backfills), leave a clear comment and require a forward fix migration instead of pretending rollback is supported.
## Keep Migrations Focused
One concern per migration. Never mix DDL (schema changes) and DML (data manipulation).
Incorrect (partial failure creates unrecoverable state):
```php
public function up(): void
{
Schema::create('settings', function (Blueprint $table) { ... });
DB::table('settings')->insert(['key' => 'version', 'value' => '1.0']);
}
```
Correct (separate migrations):
```php
// Migration 1: create_settings_table
Schema::create('settings', function (Blueprint $table) { ... });
// Migration 2: seed_default_settings
DB::table('settings')->insert(['key' => 'version', 'value' => '1.0']);
```

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# Queue & Job Best Practices
## Set `retry_after` Greater Than `timeout`
If `retry_after` is shorter than the job's `timeout`, the queue worker re-dispatches the job while it's still running, causing duplicate execution.
Incorrect (`retry_after` ≤ `timeout`):
```php
class ProcessReport implements ShouldQueue
{
public $timeout = 120;
}
// config/queue.php — retry_after: 90 ← job retried while still running!
```
Correct (`retry_after` > `timeout`):
```php
class ProcessReport implements ShouldQueue
{
public $timeout = 120;
}
// config/queue.php — retry_after: 180 ← safely longer than any job timeout
```
## Use Exponential Backoff
Use progressively longer delays between retries to avoid hammering failing services.
Incorrect (fixed retry interval):
```php
class SyncWithStripe implements ShouldQueue
{
public $tries = 3;
// Default: retries immediately, overwhelming the API
}
```
Correct (exponential backoff):
```php
class SyncWithStripe implements ShouldQueue
{
public $tries = 3;
public $backoff = [1, 5, 10];
}
```
## Implement `ShouldBeUnique`
Prevent duplicate job processing.
```php
class GenerateInvoice implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeUnique
{
public function uniqueId(): string
{
return $this->order->id;
}
public $uniqueFor = 3600;
}
```
## Always Implement `failed()`
Handle errors explicitly — don't rely on silent failure.
```php
public function failed(?Throwable $exception): void
{
$this->podcast->update(['status' => 'failed']);
Log::error('Processing failed', ['id' => $this->podcast->id, 'error' => $exception->getMessage()]);
}
```
## Rate Limit External API Calls in Jobs
Use `RateLimited` middleware to throttle jobs calling third-party APIs.
```php
public function middleware(): array
{
return [new RateLimited('external-api')];
}
```
## Batch Related Jobs
Use `Bus::batch()` when jobs should succeed or fail together.
```php
Bus::batch([
new ImportCsvChunk($chunk1),
new ImportCsvChunk($chunk2),
])
->then(fn (Batch $batch) => Notification::send($user, new ImportComplete))
->catch(fn (Batch $batch, Throwable $e) => Log::error('Batch failed'))
->dispatch();
```
## `retryUntil()` Needs `$tries = 0`
When using time-based retry limits, set `$tries = 0` to avoid premature failure.
```php
public $tries = 0;
public function retryUntil(): \DateTimeInterface
{
return now()->addHours(4);
}
```
## Use `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` for Early Lock Release
`ShouldBeUnique` holds the lock until the job completes. `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` releases it when processing starts, allowing new instances to queue.
```php
class UpdateSearchIndex implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing
{
// Lock releases when processing begins, not when it finishes
}
```
## Use Horizon for Complex Queue Scenarios
Use Laravel Horizon when you need monitoring, auto-scaling, failure tracking, or multiple queues with different priorities.
```php
// config/horizon.php
'environments' => [
'production' => [
'supervisor-1' => [
'connection' => 'redis',
'queue' => ['high', 'default', 'low'],
'balance' => 'auto',
'minProcesses' => 1,
'maxProcesses' => 10,
'tries' => 3,
],
],
],
```

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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
# Routing & Controllers Best Practices
## Use Implicit Route Model Binding
Let Laravel resolve models automatically from route parameters.
Incorrect:
```php
public function show(int $id)
{
$post = Post::findOrFail($id);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function show(Post $post)
{
return view('posts.show', ['post' => $post]);
}
```
## Use Scoped Bindings for Nested Resources
Enforce parent-child relationships automatically.
```php
Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
// $post is automatically scoped to $user
})->scopeBindings();
```
## Use Resource Controllers
Use `Route::resource()` or `apiResource()` for RESTful endpoints.
```php
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
// In routes/api.php — the /api prefix is applied automatically
Route::apiResource('posts', Api\PostController::class);
```
## Keep Controllers Thin
Aim for under 10 lines per method. Extract business logic to action or service classes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request)
{
$validated = $request->validate([...]);
if ($request->hasFile('image')) {
$request->file('image')->move(public_path('images'));
}
$post = Post::create($validated);
$post->tags()->sync($validated['tags']);
event(new PostCreated($post));
return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request, CreatePostAction $create)
{
$post = $create->execute($request->validated());
return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post);
}
```
## Type-Hint Form Requests
Type-hinting Form Requests triggers automatic validation and authorization before the method executes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
{
$validated = $request->validate([
'title' => ['required', 'max:255'],
'body' => ['required'],
]);
Post::create($validated);
return redirect()->route('posts.index');
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request): RedirectResponse
{
Post::create($request->validated());
return redirect()->route('posts.index');
}
```

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# Task Scheduling Best Practices
## Use `withoutOverlapping()` on Variable-Duration Tasks
Without it, a long-running task spawns a second instance on the next tick, causing double-processing or resource exhaustion.
## Use `onOneServer()` on Multi-Server Deployments
Without it, every server runs the same task simultaneously. Requires a shared cache driver (Redis, database, Memcached).
## Use `runInBackground()` for Concurrent Long Tasks
By default, tasks at the same tick run sequentially. A slow first task delays all subsequent ones. `runInBackground()` runs them as separate processes.
## Use `environments()` to Restrict Tasks
Prevent accidental execution of production-only tasks (billing, reporting) on staging.
```php
Schedule::command('billing:charge')->monthly()->environments(['production']);
```
## Use `takeUntilTimeout()` for Time-Bounded Processing
A task running every 15 minutes that processes an unbounded cursor can overlap with the next run. Bound execution time.
## Use Schedule Groups for Shared Configuration
Avoid repeating `->onOneServer()->timezone('America/New_York')` across many tasks.
```php
Schedule::daily()
->onOneServer()
->timezone('America/New_York')
->group(function () {
Schedule::command('emails:send --force');
Schedule::command('emails:prune');
});
```

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# Security Best Practices
## Mass Assignment Protection
Every model must define `$fillable` (whitelist) or `$guarded` (blacklist).
Incorrect:
```php
class User extends Model
{
protected $guarded = []; // All fields are mass assignable
}
```
Correct:
```php
class User extends Model
{
protected $fillable = [
'name',
'email',
'password',
];
}
```
Never use `$guarded = []` on models that accept user input.
## Authorize Every Action
Use policies or gates in controllers. Never skip authorization.
Incorrect:
```php
public function update(UpdatePostRequest $request, Post $post)
{
$post->update($request->validated());
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function update(UpdatePostRequest $request, Post $post)
{
Gate::authorize('update', $post);
$post->update($request->validated());
}
```
Or via Form Request:
```php
public function authorize(): bool
{
return $this->user()->can('update', $this->route('post'));
}
```
## Prevent SQL Injection
Always use parameter binding. Never interpolate user input into queries.
Incorrect:
```php
DB::select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '{$request->name}'");
```
Correct:
```php
User::where('name', $request->name)->get();
// Raw expressions with bindings
User::whereRaw('LOWER(name) = ?', [strtolower($request->name)])->get();
```
## Escape Output to Prevent XSS
Use `{{ }}` for HTML escaping. Only use `{!! !!}` for trusted, pre-sanitized content.
Incorrect:
```blade
{!! $user->bio !!}
```
Correct:
```blade
{{ $user->bio }}
```
## CSRF Protection
Include `@csrf` in all POST/PUT/DELETE Blade forms. In Inertia apps, the `@csrf` directive is automatically applied.
Incorrect:
```blade
<form method="POST" action="/posts">
<input type="text" name="title">
</form>
```
Correct:
```blade
<form method="POST" action="/posts">
@csrf
<input type="text" name="title">
</form>
```
## Rate Limit Auth and API Routes
Apply `throttle` middleware to authentication and API routes.
```php
RateLimiter::for('login', function (Request $request) {
return Limit::perMinute(5)->by($request->ip());
});
Route::post('/login', LoginController::class)->middleware('throttle:login');
```
## Validate File Uploads
Validate extension, MIME type, and size. The `mimes` rule checks extensions; use `mimetypes` for actual MIME type validation. Never trust client-provided filenames.
```php
public function rules(): array
{
return [
'avatar' => ['required', 'image', 'mimes:jpg,jpeg,png,webp', 'max:2048'],
];
}
```
Store with generated filenames:
```php
$path = $request->file('avatar')->store('avatars', 'public');
```
## Keep Secrets Out of Code
Never commit `.env`. Access secrets via `config()` only.
Incorrect:
```php
$key = env('API_KEY');
```
Correct:
```php
// config/services.php
'api_key' => env('API_KEY'),
// In application code
$key = config('services.api_key');
```
## Audit Dependencies
Run `composer audit` periodically to check for known vulnerabilities in dependencies. Automate this in CI to catch issues before deployment.
```bash
composer audit
```
## Encrypt Sensitive Database Fields
Use `encrypted` cast for API keys/tokens and mark the attribute as `hidden`.
Incorrect:
```php
class Integration extends Model
{
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'api_key' => 'string',
];
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class Integration extends Model
{
protected $hidden = ['api_key', 'api_secret'];
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'api_key' => 'encrypted',
'api_secret' => 'encrypted',
];
}
}
```

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# Conventions & Style
## Follow Laravel Naming Conventions
| What | Convention | Good | Bad |
|------|-----------|------|-----|
| Controller | singular | `ArticleController` | `ArticlesController` |
| Model | singular | `User` | `Users` |
| Table | plural, snake_case | `article_comments` | `articleComments` |
| Pivot table | singular alphabetical | `article_user` | `user_article` |
| Column | snake_case, no model name | `meta_title` | `article_meta_title` |
| Foreign key | singular model + `_id` | `article_id` | `articles_id` |
| Route | plural | `articles/1` | `article/1` |
| Route name | snake_case with dots | `users.show_active` | `users.show-active` |
| Method | camelCase | `getAll` | `get_all` |
| Variable | camelCase | `$articlesWithAuthor` | `$articles_with_author` |
| Collection | descriptive, plural | `$activeUsers` | `$data` |
| Object | descriptive, singular | `$activeUser` | `$users` |
| View | kebab-case | `show-filtered.blade.php` | `showFiltered.blade.php` |
| Config | snake_case | `google_calendar.php` | `googleCalendar.php` |
| Enum | singular | `UserType` | `UserTypes` |
## Prefer Shorter Readable Syntax
| Verbose | Shorter |
|---------|---------|
| `Session::get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
| `$request->session()->get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
| `$request->input('name')` | `$request->name` |
| `return Redirect::back()` | `return back()` |
| `Carbon::now()` | `now()` |
| `App::make('Class')` | `app('Class')` |
| `->where('column', '=', 1)` | `->where('column', 1)` |
| `->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')` | `->latest()` |
| `->orderBy('created_at', 'asc')` | `->oldest()` |
| `->first()->name` | `->value('name')` |
## Use Laravel String & Array Helpers
Laravel provides `Str`, `Arr`, `Number`, and `Uri` helper classes that are more readable, chainable, and UTF-8 safe than raw PHP functions. Always prefer them.
Strings — use `Str` and fluent `Str::of()` over raw PHP:
```php
// Incorrect
$slug = strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $title));
$short = substr($text, 0, 100) . '...';
$class = substr(strrchr('App\Models\User', '\'), 1);
// Correct
$slug = Str::slug($title);
$short = Str::limit($text, 100);
$class = class_basename('App\Models\User');
```
Fluent strings — chain operations for complex transformations:
```php
// Incorrect
$result = strtolower(trim(str_replace('_', '-', $input)));
// Correct
$result = Str::of($input)->trim()->replace('_', '-')->lower();
```
Key `Str` methods to prefer: `Str::slug()`, `Str::limit()`, `Str::contains()`, `Str::before()`, `Str::after()`, `Str::between()`, `Str::camel()`, `Str::snake()`, `Str::kebab()`, `Str::headline()`, `Str::squish()`, `Str::mask()`, `Str::uuid()`, `Str::ulid()`, `Str::random()`, `Str::is()`.
Arrays — use `Arr` over raw PHP:
```php
// Incorrect
$name = isset($array['user']['name']) ? $array['user']['name'] : 'default';
// Correct
$name = Arr::get($array, 'user.name', 'default');
```
Key `Arr` methods: `Arr::get()`, `Arr::has()`, `Arr::only()`, `Arr::except()`, `Arr::first()`, `Arr::flatten()`, `Arr::pluck()`, `Arr::where()`, `Arr::wrap()`.
Numbers — use `Number` for display formatting:
```php
Number::format(1000000); // "1,000,000"
Number::currency(1500, 'USD'); // "$1,500.00"
Number::abbreviate(1000000); // "1M"
Number::fileSize(1024 * 1024); // "1 MB"
Number::percentage(75.5); // "75.5%"
```
URIs — use `Uri` for URL manipulation:
```php
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com/search')
->withQuery(['q' => 'laravel', 'page' => 1]);
```
Use `$request->string('name')` to get a fluent `Stringable` directly from request input for immediate chaining.
Use `search-docs` for the full list of available methods — these helpers are extensive.
## No Inline JS/CSS in Blade
Do not put JS or CSS in Blade templates. Do not put HTML in PHP classes.
Incorrect:
```blade
let article = `{{ json_encode($article) }}`;
```
Correct:
```blade
<button class="js-fav-article" data-article='@json($article)'>{{ $article->name }}</button>
```
Pass data to JS via data attributes or use a dedicated PHP-to-JS package.
## No Unnecessary Comments
Code should be readable on its own. Use descriptive method and variable names instead of comments. The only exception is config files, where descriptive comments are expected.
Incorrect:
```php
// Check if there are any joins
if (count((array) $builder->getQuery()->joins) > 0)
```
Correct:
```php
if ($this->hasJoins())
```

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# Testing Best Practices
## Use `LazilyRefreshDatabase` Over `RefreshDatabase`
`RefreshDatabase` migrates once per process and wraps each test in a rolled-back transaction. `LazilyRefreshDatabase` skips even that first migration if the schema is already up to date.
## Use Model Assertions Over Raw Database Assertions
Incorrect: `$this->assertDatabaseHas('users', ['id' => $user->id]);`
Correct: `$this->assertModelExists($user);`
More expressive, type-safe, and fails with clearer messages.
## Use Factory States and Sequences
Named states make tests self-documenting. Sequences eliminate repetitive setup.
Incorrect: `User::factory()->create(['email_verified_at' => null]);`
Correct: `User::factory()->unverified()->create();`
## Use `Exceptions::fake()` to Assert Exception Reporting
Instead of `withoutExceptionHandling()`, use `Exceptions::fake()` to assert the correct exception was reported while the request completes normally.
## Call `Event::fake()` After Factory Setup
Model factories rely on model events (e.g., `creating` to generate UUIDs). Calling `Event::fake()` before factory calls silences those events, producing broken models.
Incorrect: `Event::fake(); $user = User::factory()->create();`
Correct: `$user = User::factory()->create(); Event::fake();`
## Use `recycle()` to Share Relationship Instances Across Factories
Without `recycle()`, nested factories create separate instances of the same conceptual entity.
```php
Ticket::factory()
->recycle(Airline::factory()->create())
->create();
```

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# Validation & Forms Best Practices
## Use Form Request Classes
Extract validation from controllers into dedicated Form Request classes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request)
{
$request->validate([
'title' => 'required|max:255',
'body' => 'required',
]);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request)
{
Post::create($request->validated());
}
```
## Array vs. String Notation for Rules
Array syntax is more readable and composes cleanly with `Rule::` objects. Prefer it in new code, but check existing Form Requests first and match whatever notation the project already uses.
```php
// Preferred for new code
'email' => ['required', 'email', Rule::unique('users')],
// Follow existing convention if the project uses string notation
'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
```
## Always Use `validated()`
Get only validated data. Never use `$request->all()` for mass operations.
Incorrect:
```php
Post::create($request->all());
```
Correct:
```php
Post::create($request->validated());
```
## Use `Rule::when()` for Conditional Validation
```php
'company_name' => [
Rule::when($this->account_type === 'business', ['required', 'string', 'max:255']),
],
```
## Use the `after()` Method for Custom Validation
Use `after()` instead of `withValidator()` for custom validation logic that depends on multiple fields.
```php
public function after(): array
{
return [
function (Validator $validator) {
if ($this->quantity > Product::find($this->product_id)?->stock) {
$validator->errors()->add('quantity', 'Not enough stock.');
}
},
];
}
```

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---
name: mcp-development
description: "Use this skill for Laravel MCP development only. Trigger when creating or editing MCP tools, resources, prompts, or servers in Laravel projects. Covers: artisan make:mcp-* generators, mcp:inspector, routes/ai.php, Tool/Resource/Prompt classes, schema validation, shouldRegister(), OAuth setup, URI templates, read-only attributes, and MCP debugging. Do not use for non-Laravel MCP projects or generic AI features without MCP."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# MCP Development
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Laravel MCP patterns and documentation.
## Basic Usage
Register MCP servers in `routes/ai.php`:
<!-- Register MCP Server -->
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Facades\Mcp;
Mcp::web();
```
### Creating MCP Primitives
Create MCP tools, resources, prompts, and servers using artisan commands:
```bash
php artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
php artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
php artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
php artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
```
After creating primitives, register them in your server's `$tools`, `$resources`, or `$prompts` properties.
### Tools
<!-- MCP Tool Example -->
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Tool;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Request;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Response;
class MyTool extends Tool
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return new Response(['result' => 'success']);
}
}
```
### Registering Primitives in a Server
Each MCP server must explicitly declare the tools, resources, and prompts it exposes.
<!-- Register Primitives in MCP Server -->
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server;
class AppServer extends Server
{
protected array $tools = [
\App\Mcp\Tools\MyTool::class,
];
protected array $resources = [
\App\Mcp\Resources\MyResource::class,
];
protected array $prompts = [
\App\Mcp\Prompts\MyPrompt::class,
];
}
```
## Verification
1. Check `routes/ai.php` for proper registration
2. Test tool via MCP client
## Common Pitfalls
- Running `mcp:start` command (it hangs waiting for input)
- Using HTTPS locally with Node-based MCP clients
- Not using `search-docs` for the latest MCP documentation
- Not registering MCP server routes in `routes/ai.php`
- Do not register `ai.php` in `bootstrap.php`; it is registered automatically.
- OAuth registration supports custom URI schemes (e.g., `cursor://`, `vscode://`) for native desktop clients via `mcp.custom_schemes` config

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---
name: passport-development
description: "Develops OAuth2 API authentication with Laravel Passport. Activates when installing or configuring Passport; setting up OAuth2 grants (authorization code, client credentials, personal access tokens, device authorization); managing OAuth clients; protecting API routes with token authentication; defining or checking token scopes; configuring SPA cookie authentication; handling token lifetimes and refresh tokens; or when the user mentions Passport, OAuth2, API tokens, bearer tokens, or API authentication. Make sure to use this skill whenever the user works with OAuth2, API tokens, or third-party API access, even if they don't explicitly mention Passport."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Passport OAuth2 Authentication
## Documentation First
**Always use `search-docs` before writing Passport code.** The documentation covers every grant type, configuration option, and edge case in detail. This skill teaches you how to navigate Passport — the docs have the implementation specifics.
```
search-docs(queries: ["Passport installation"], packages: ["laravel/framework@12.x"])
```
The Passport docs live under the `laravel/framework` package — not `laravel/passport`.
## When to Apply
Activate this skill when:
- Installing or configuring Passport
- Setting up OAuth2 authorization grants
- Creating or managing OAuth clients
- Protecting API routes with token authentication
- Defining or checking token scopes
- Configuring SPA cookie-based authentication
- Choosing between Passport and Sanctum
## Passport vs. Sanctum
**Passport** is a full OAuth2 server — use it when third-party applications need to consume your API and when you need OAuth2 authorization code grants, client credentials for machine-to-machine auth, or device authorization flow.
**Sanctum** is simpler — use it when first-party SPAs, third parties, or mobile apps consume the API but you don't need the full OAuth2 grant flows.
## Installation
Three steps are always required:
### 1. Install Passport
```bash
php artisan install:api --passport
```
This publishes migrations, generates encryption keys, and registers routes.
### 2. Configure the User model
The User model needs both the `HasApiTokens` trait AND the `OAuthenticatable` interface. Missing the interface is the most common Passport setup mistake — it causes runtime errors that can be confusing to debug.
```php
use Laravel\Passport\Contracts\OAuthenticatable;
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;
class User extends Authenticatable implements OAuthenticatable
{
use HasApiTokens;
}
```
### 3. Configure the auth guard
The `api` guard must use the `passport` driver in `config/auth.php`. Using `token` or `sanctum` here silently breaks Passport authentication.
```php
'guards' => [
'api' => [
'driver' => 'passport',
'provider' => 'users',
],
],
```
## Choosing a Grant Type
Matching the right grant to the use case is the most important Passport decision. Use `search-docs` for implementation details of any grant.
| Use Case | Grant Type | Client Flag |
|----------|-----------|-------------|
| Third-party app accessing user data | Authorization Code | (default) |
| Mobile/SPA without client secret | Authorization Code + PKCE | `--public` |
| Machine-to-machine, no user context | Client Credentials | `--client` |
| User-generated API keys | Personal Access Tokens | `--personal` |
| Smart TV, CLI, IoT devices | Device Authorization | `--device` |
**Legacy grants** (Password, Implicit) are disabled by default and not recommended. They must be explicitly enabled with `Passport::enablePasswordGrant()` or `Passport::enableImplicitGrant()`.
## Client Management
Create clients with the appropriate flag for the grant type:
```bash
php artisan passport:client # Authorization code
php artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
php artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
php artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
php artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
```
Additional flags: `--name=`, `--redirect_uri=`, `--provider=`.
Client secrets are hashed by default — the plain-text secret is only shown at creation time and cannot be retrieved later.
## Protecting Routes
Apply `auth:api` middleware. Clients send tokens via the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header.
```php
Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
return $request->user();
})->middleware('auth:api');
```
### Scope Enforcement
Scope middleware must come alongside `auth:api`:
- `CheckToken::using('scope1', 'scope2')` — requires ALL listed scopes
- `CheckTokenForAnyScope::using('scope1', 'scope2')` — requires ANY listed scope
- `EnsureClientIsResourceOwner::using('scope1')` — restricts to client credential tokens
```php
use Laravel\Passport\Http\Middleware\CheckToken;
Route::get('/orders', function () {
// ...
})->middleware(['auth:api', CheckToken::using('orders:read')]);
```
### Programmatic scope checking
```php
if ($request->user()->tokenCan('place-orders')) {
// ...
}
```
Use `search-docs` for full scope middleware registration and usage patterns.
## Key Configuration
Configure in `AppServiceProvider::boot()`. Use `search-docs` for the full list of options.
```php
// Token lifetimes (each is independent)
Passport::tokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(15));
Passport::refreshTokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(30));
Passport::personalAccessTokensExpireIn(now()->addMonths(6));
// Define scopes
Passport::tokensCan([
'place-orders' => 'Place orders',
'check-status' => 'Check order status',
]);
```
## SPA Cookie Authentication
For first-party SPAs, the `CreateFreshApiToken` middleware issues a `laravel_token` cookie containing an encrypted JWT. The SPA must include CSRF tokens — missing the `X-CSRF-TOKEN` or `X-XSRF-TOKEN` header causes 419 errors.
Use `search-docs` for setup details — this feature has specific CSRF and cookie configuration requirements.
## Testing
Passport provides helpers to bypass full OAuth flows in tests:
```php
Passport::actingAs($user, ['scope1', 'scope2']);
Passport::actingAsClient($client, ['scope1']);
```
## Token Maintenance
```bash
php artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
php artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
php artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
```
Schedule `passport:purge` for regular expired token clean-up.
## Events
All in `Laravel\Passport\Events`: `AccessTokenCreated`, `AccessTokenRevoked`, `RefreshTokenCreated`.
## Common Pitfalls
- **Missing `OAuthenticatable` interface** — both the `HasApiTokens` trait and the `OAuthenticatable` interface are required on the User model. Missing the interface causes runtime errors.
- **Wrong guard driver** — the `api` guard must use `passport`, not `token` or `sanctum`. This fails silently.
- **Token lifetime confusion** — access token, refresh token, and personal access token lifetimes are all independent settings.
- **Missing CSRF for SPA cookie auth**`CreateFreshApiToken` requires CSRF tokens. Use `Passport::ignoreCsrfToken()` only if you understand the security implications.
- **Client secrets are hashed** — the plain-text secret is only available at creation time.
- **Legacy grants are disabled** — Password and Implicit grants must be explicitly enabled and are not recommended.

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---
name: pest-testing
description: "Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: test()/it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Pest Testing 4
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Pest 4 patterns and documentation.
## Basic Usage
### Creating Tests
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
The `{name}` argument should include only the path and test name, but should not include the test suite.
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
### Test Organization
- Unit/Feature tests: `tests/Feature` and `tests/Unit` directories.
- Browser tests: `tests/Browser/` directory.
- Do NOT remove tests without approval - these are core application code.
### Basic Test Structure
Pest supports both `test()` and `it()` functions. Before writing new tests, check existing test files in the same directory to match the project's convention. Use `test()` if existing tests use `test()`, or `it()` if they use `it()`.
<!-- Basic Pest Test Example -->
```php
it('is true', function () {
expect(true)->toBeTrue();
});
```
### Running Tests
- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `php artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `php artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.
## Assertions
Use specific assertions (`assertSuccessful()`, `assertNotFound()`) instead of `assertStatus()`:
<!-- Pest Response Assertion -->
```php
it('returns all', function () {
$this->postJson('/api/docs', [])->assertSuccessful();
});
```
| Use | Instead of |
|-----|------------|
| `assertSuccessful()` | `assertStatus(200)` |
| `assertNotFound()` | `assertStatus(404)` |
| `assertForbidden()` | `assertStatus(403)` |
## Mocking
Import mock function before use: `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;`
## Datasets
Use datasets for repetitive tests (validation rules, etc.):
<!-- Pest Dataset Example -->
```php
it('has emails', function (string $email) {
expect($email)->not->toBeEmpty();
})->with([
'james' => 'james@laravel.com',
'taylor' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
]);
```
## Pest 4 Features
| Feature | Purpose |
|---------|---------|
| Browser Testing | Full integration tests in real browsers |
| Smoke Testing | Validate multiple pages quickly |
| Visual Regression | Compare screenshots for visual changes |
| Test Sharding | Parallel CI runs |
| Architecture Testing | Enforce code conventions |
### Browser Test Example
Browser tests run in real browsers for full integration testing:
- Browser tests live in `tests/Browser/`.
- Use Laravel features like `Event::fake()`, `assertAuthenticated()`, and model factories.
- Use `RefreshDatabase` for clean state per test.
- Interact with page: click, type, scroll, select, submit, drag-and-drop, touch gestures.
- Test on multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari) if requested.
- Test on different devices/viewports (iPhone 14 Pro, tablets) if requested.
- Switch color schemes (light/dark mode) when appropriate.
- Take screenshots or pause tests for debugging.
<!-- Pest Browser Test Example -->
```php
it('may reset the password', function () {
Notification::fake();
$this->actingAs(User::factory()->create());
$page = visit('/sign-in');
$page->assertSee('Sign In')
->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()
->click('Forgot Password?')
->fill('email', 'nuno@laravel.com')
->click('Send Reset Link')
->assertSee('We have emailed your password reset link!');
Notification::assertSent(ResetPassword::class);
});
```
### Smoke Testing
Quickly validate multiple pages have no JavaScript errors:
<!-- Pest Smoke Testing Example -->
```php
$pages = visit(['/', '/about', '/contact']);
$pages->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()->assertNoConsoleLogs();
```
### Visual Regression Testing
Capture and compare screenshots to detect visual changes.
### Test Sharding
Split tests across parallel processes for faster CI runs.
### Architecture Testing
Pest 4 includes architecture testing (from Pest 3):
<!-- Architecture Test Example -->
```php
arch('controllers')
->expect('App\Http\Controllers')
->toExtendNothing()
->toHaveSuffix('Controller');
```
## Common Pitfalls
- Not importing `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;` before using mock
- Using `assertStatus(200)` instead of `assertSuccessful()`
- Forgetting datasets for repetitive validation tests
- Deleting tests without approval
- Forgetting `assertNoJavaScriptErrors()` in browser tests
- Prefixing `Feature/` or `Unit/` in `{name}` when using `make:test`

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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
---
name: socialite-development
description: "Manages OAuth social authentication with Laravel Socialite. Activate when adding social login providers; configuring OAuth redirect/callback flows; retrieving authenticated user details; customizing scopes or parameters; setting up community providers; testing with Socialite fakes; or when the user mentions social login, OAuth, Socialite, or third-party authentication."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Socialite Authentication
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Socialite patterns and documentation (installation, configuration, routing, callbacks, testing, scopes, stateless auth).
## Available Providers
Built-in: `facebook`, `twitter`, `twitter-oauth-2`, `linkedin`, `linkedin-openid`, `google`, `github`, `gitlab`, `bitbucket`, `slack`, `slack-openid`, `twitch`
Community: 150+ additional providers at [socialiteproviders.com](https://socialiteproviders.com). For provider-specific setup, use `WebFetch` on `https://socialiteproviders.com/{provider-name}`.
Configuration key in `config/services.php` must match the driver name exactly — note the hyphenated keys: `twitter-oauth-2`, `linkedin-openid`, `slack-openid`.
Twitter/X: Use `twitter-oauth-2` (OAuth 2.0) for new projects. The legacy `twitter` driver is OAuth 1.0. Driver names remain unchanged despite the platform rebrand.
Community providers differ from built-in providers in the following ways:
- Installed via `composer require socialiteproviders/{name}`
- Must register via event listener — NOT auto-discovered like built-in providers
- Use `search-docs` for the registration pattern
## Adding a Provider
### 1. Configure the provider
Add the provider's `client_id`, `client_secret`, and `redirect` to `config/services.php`. The config key must match the driver name exactly.
### 2. Create redirect and callback routes
Two routes are needed: one that calls `Socialite::driver('provider')->redirect()` to send the user to the OAuth provider, and one that calls `Socialite::driver('provider')->user()` to receive the callback and retrieve user details.
### 3. Authenticate and store the user
In the callback, use `updateOrCreate` to find or create a user record from the provider's response (`id`, `name`, `email`, `token`, `refreshToken`), then call `Auth::login()`.
### 4. Customize the redirect (optional)
- `scopes()` — merge additional scopes with the provider's defaults
- `setScopes()` — replace all scopes entirely
- `with()` — pass optional parameters (e.g., `['hd' => 'example.com']` for Google)
- `asBotUser()` — Slack only; generates a bot token (`xoxb-`) instead of a user token (`xoxp-`). Must be called before both `redirect()` and `user()`. Only the `token` property will be hydrated on the user object.
- `stateless()` — for API/SPA contexts where session state is not maintained
### 5. Verify
1. Config key matches driver name exactly (check the list above for hyphenated names)
2. `client_id`, `client_secret`, and `redirect` are all present
3. Redirect URL matches what is registered in the provider's OAuth dashboard
4. Callback route handles denied grants (when user declines authorization)
Use `search-docs` for complete code examples of each step.
## Additional Features
Use `search-docs` for usage details on: `enablePKCE()`, `userFromToken($token)`, `userFromTokenAndSecret($token, $secret)` (OAuth 1.0), retrieving user details.
User object: `getId()`, `getName()`, `getEmail()`, `getAvatar()`, `getNickname()`, `token`, `refreshToken`, `expiresIn`, `approvedScopes`
## Testing
Socialite provides `Socialite::fake()` for testing redirects and callbacks. Use `search-docs` for faking redirects, callback user data, custom token properties, and assertion methods.
## Common Pitfalls
- Config key must match driver name exactly — hyphenated drivers need hyphenated keys (`linkedin-openid`, `slack-openid`, `twitter-oauth-2`). Mismatch silently fails.
- Every provider needs `client_id`, `client_secret`, and `redirect` in `config/services.php`. Missing any one causes cryptic errors.
- `scopes()` merges with defaults; `setScopes()` replaces all scopes entirely.
- Missing `stateless()` in API/SPA contexts causes `InvalidStateException`.
- Redirect URL in `config/services.php` must exactly match the provider's OAuth dashboard (including trailing slashes and protocol).
- Do not pass `state`, `response_type`, `client_id`, `redirect_uri`, or `scope` via `with()` — these are reserved.
- Community providers require event listener registration via `SocialiteWasCalled`.
- `user()` throws when the user declines authorization. Always handle denied grants.

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@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
---
name: tailwindcss-development
description: "Always invoke when the user's message includes 'tailwind' in any form. Also invoke for: building responsive grid layouts (multi-column card grids, product grids), flex/grid page structures (dashboards with sidebars, fixed topbars, mobile-toggle navs), styling UI components (cards, tables, navbars, pricing sections, forms, inputs, badges), adding dark mode variants, fixing spacing or typography, and Tailwind v3/v4 work. The core use case: writing or fixing Tailwind utility classes in HTML templates (Blade, JSX, Vue). Skip for backend PHP logic, database queries, API routes, JavaScript with no HTML/CSS component, CSS file audits, build tool configuration, and vanilla CSS."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Tailwind CSS Development
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Tailwind CSS v4 patterns and documentation.
## Basic Usage
- Use Tailwind CSS classes to style HTML. Check and follow existing Tailwind conventions in the project before introducing new patterns.
- Offer to extract repeated patterns into components that match the project's conventions (e.g., Blade, JSX, Vue).
- Consider class placement, order, priority, and defaults. Remove redundant classes, add classes to parent or child elements carefully to reduce repetition, and group elements logically.
## Tailwind CSS v4 Specifics
- Always use Tailwind CSS v4 and avoid deprecated utilities.
- `corePlugins` is not supported in Tailwind v4.
### CSS-First Configuration
In Tailwind v4, configuration is CSS-first using the `@theme` directive — no separate `tailwind.config.js` file is needed:
<!-- CSS-First Config -->
```css
@theme {
--color-brand: oklch(0.72 0.11 178);
}
```
### Import Syntax
In Tailwind v4, import Tailwind with a regular CSS `@import` statement instead of the `@tailwind` directives used in v3:
<!-- v4 Import Syntax -->
```diff
- @tailwind base;
- @tailwind components;
- @tailwind utilities;
+ @import "tailwindcss";
```
### Replaced Utilities
Tailwind v4 removed deprecated utilities. Use the replacements shown below. Opacity values remain numeric.
| Deprecated | Replacement |
|------------|-------------|
| bg-opacity-* | bg-black/* |
| text-opacity-* | text-black/* |
| border-opacity-* | border-black/* |
| divide-opacity-* | divide-black/* |
| ring-opacity-* | ring-black/* |
| placeholder-opacity-* | placeholder-black/* |
| flex-shrink-* | shrink-* |
| flex-grow-* | grow-* |
| overflow-ellipsis | text-ellipsis |
| decoration-slice | box-decoration-slice |
| decoration-clone | box-decoration-clone |
## Spacing
Use `gap` utilities instead of margins for spacing between siblings:
<!-- Gap Utilities -->
```html
<div class="flex gap-8">
<div>Item 1</div>
<div>Item 2</div>
</div>
```
## Dark Mode
If existing pages and components support dark mode, new pages and components must support it the same way, typically using the `dark:` variant:
<!-- Dark Mode -->
```html
<div class="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
Content adapts to color scheme
</div>
```
## Common Patterns
### Flexbox Layout
<!-- Flexbox Layout -->
```html
<div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
<div>Left content</div>
<div>Right content</div>
</div>
```
### Grid Layout
<!-- Grid Layout -->
```html
<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
<div>Card 1</div>
<div>Card 2</div>
<div>Card 3</div>
</div>
```
## Common Pitfalls
- Using deprecated v3 utilities (bg-opacity-*, flex-shrink-*, etc.)
- Using `@tailwind` directives instead of `@import "tailwindcss"`
- Trying to use `tailwind.config.js` instead of CSS `@theme` directive
- Using margins for spacing between siblings instead of gap utilities
- Forgetting to add dark mode variants when the project uses dark mode

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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
---
name: wayfinder-development
description: "Use this skill for Laravel Wayfinder which auto-generates typed functions for Laravel controllers and routes. ALWAYS use this skill when frontend code needs to call backend routes or controller actions. Trigger when: connecting any React/Vue/Svelte/Inertia frontend to Laravel controllers, routes, building end-to-end features with both frontend and backend, wiring up forms or links to backend endpoints, fixing route-related TypeScript errors, importing from @/actions or @/routes, or running wayfinder:generate. Use Wayfinder route functions instead of hardcoded URLs. Covers: wayfinder() vite plugin, .url()/.get()/.post()/.form(), query params, route model binding, tree-shaking. Do not use for backend-only task"
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Wayfinder Development
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Wayfinder patterns and documentation.
## Quick Reference
### Generate Routes
Run after route changes if Vite plugin isn't installed:
```bash
php artisan wayfinder:generate --no-interaction
```
For form helpers, use `--with-form` flag:
```bash
php artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form --no-interaction
```
### Import Patterns
<!-- Controller Action Imports -->
```typescript
// Named imports for tree-shaking (preferred)...
import { show, store, update } from '@/actions/App/Http/Controllers/PostController'
// Named route imports...
import { show as postShow } from '@/routes/post'
```
### Common Methods
<!-- Wayfinder Methods -->
```typescript
// Get route object...
show(1) // { url: "/posts/1", method: "get" }
// Get URL string...
show.url(1) // "/posts/1"
// Specific HTTP methods...
show.get(1)
store.post()
update.patch(1)
destroy.delete(1)
// Form attributes for HTML forms...
store.form() // { action: "/posts", method: "post" }
// Query parameters...
show(1, { query: { page: 1 } }) // "/posts/1?page=1"
```
## Wayfinder + Inertia
Use Wayfinder with the `<Form>` component:
<!-- Wayfinder Form (Vue) -->
```vue
<Form v-bind="store.form()"><input name="title" /></Form>
```
## Verification
1. Run `php artisan wayfinder:generate` to regenerate routes if Vite plugin isn't installed
2. Check TypeScript imports resolve correctly
3. Verify route URLs match expected paths
## Common Pitfalls
- Using default imports instead of named imports (breaks tree-shaking)
- Forgetting to regenerate after route changes
- Not using type-safe parameter objects for route model binding

View file

@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"
vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate
vendor/bin/sail artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-config"
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"
php artisan migrate
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-config"
```
### Environment Variables

View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon:install
php artisan horizon:install
```
### Supervisor Configuration
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ ### Dashboard Authorization
## Verification
1. Run `vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon` and visit `/horizon`
1. Run `php artisan horizon` and visit `/horizon`
2. Confirm dashboard access is restricted as expected
3. Check that metrics populate after scheduling `horizon:snapshot`
@ -81,5 +81,5 @@ ## Common Pitfalls
- Always check `config/horizon.php` before making changes to understand the current supervisor and environment configuration.
- The `environments` array overrides only the keys you specify. It merges into `defaults` and does not replace it.
- The timeout chain must be ordered: job `timeout` less than supervisor `timeout` less than `retry_after`. The wrong order can cause jobs to be retried before Horizon finishes timing them out.
- The metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled. Running `vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon` alone does not populate metrics.
- The metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled. Running `php artisan horizon` alone does not populate metrics.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Horizon documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.

View file

@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ ### Creating MCP Primitives
Create MCP tools, resources, prompts, and servers using artisan commands:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
php artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
php artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
php artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
php artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
```

View file

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ## Installation
### 1. Install Passport
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan install:api --passport
php artisan install:api --passport
```
This publishes migrations, generates encryption keys, and registers routes.
@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ ## Client Management
Create clients with the appropriate flag for the grant type:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client # Authorization code
php artisan passport:client # Authorization code
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
php artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
php artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
php artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
php artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
```
@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ ## Testing
## Token Maintenance
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
php artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
php artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
php artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
```

View file

@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Creating Tests
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
The `{name}` argument should include only the path and test name, but should not include the test suite.
- Incorrect: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
### Test Organization
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ ### Basic Test Structure
### Running Tests
- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.
- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `php artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `php artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.
## Assertions

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@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ ### Generate Routes
Run after route changes if Vite plugin isn't installed:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate --no-interaction
php artisan wayfinder:generate --no-interaction
```
For form helpers, use `--with-form` flag:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form --no-interaction
php artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form --no-interaction
```
### Import Patterns
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ## Wayfinder + Inertia
## Verification
1. Run `vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate` to regenerate routes if Vite plugin isn't installed
1. Run `php artisan wayfinder:generate` to regenerate routes if Vite plugin isn't installed
2. Check TypeScript imports resolve correctly
3. Verify route URLs match expected paths

7
.codex/config.toml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
[mcp_servers.laravel-boost]
command = "php"
args = ["artisan", "boost:mcp"]
[mcp_servers.nightwatch]
command = "npx"
args = ["-y", "mcp-remote", "https://nightwatch.laravel.com/mcp"]

View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"mcpServers": {
"laravel-boost": {
"command": "vendor/bin/sail",
"command": "php",
"args": [
"artisan",
"boost:mcp"

View file

@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"
vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate
vendor/bin/sail artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-config"
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"
php artisan migrate
php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-config"
```
### Environment Variables

View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Installation
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon:install
php artisan horizon:install
```
### Supervisor Configuration
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ ### Dashboard Authorization
## Verification
1. Run `vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon` and visit `/horizon`
1. Run `php artisan horizon` and visit `/horizon`
2. Confirm dashboard access is restricted as expected
3. Check that metrics populate after scheduling `horizon:snapshot`
@ -81,5 +81,5 @@ ## Common Pitfalls
- Always check `config/horizon.php` before making changes to understand the current supervisor and environment configuration.
- The `environments` array overrides only the keys you specify. It merges into `defaults` and does not replace it.
- The timeout chain must be ordered: job `timeout` less than supervisor `timeout` less than `retry_after`. The wrong order can cause jobs to be retried before Horizon finishes timing them out.
- The metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled. Running `vendor/bin/sail artisan horizon` alone does not populate metrics.
- The metrics dashboard stays blank until `horizon:snapshot` is scheduled. Running `php artisan horizon` alone does not populate metrics.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Horizon documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.

View file

@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ ### Creating MCP Primitives
Create MCP tools, resources, prompts, and servers using artisan commands:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
php artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
php artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
php artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
vendor/bin/sail artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
php artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
```

View file

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ## Installation
### 1. Install Passport
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan install:api --passport
php artisan install:api --passport
```
This publishes migrations, generates encryption keys, and registers routes.
@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ ## Client Management
Create clients with the appropriate flag for the grant type:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client # Authorization code
php artisan passport:client # Authorization code
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
php artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
php artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
php artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
php artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
```
@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ ## Testing
## Token Maintenance
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
php artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
php artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
vendor/bin/sail artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
php artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
```

View file

@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ ## Basic Usage
### Creating Tests
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
The `{name}` argument should include only the path and test name, but should not include the test suite.
- Incorrect: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
### Test Organization
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ ### Basic Test Structure
### Running Tests
- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.
- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `php artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `php artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.
## Assertions

View file

@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ ### Generate Routes
Run after route changes if Vite plugin isn't installed:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate --no-interaction
php artisan wayfinder:generate --no-interaction
```
For form helpers, use `--with-form` flag:
```bash
vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form --no-interaction
php artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form --no-interaction
```
### Import Patterns
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ## Wayfinder + Inertia
## Verification
1. Run `vendor/bin/sail artisan wayfinder:generate` to regenerate routes if Vite plugin isn't installed
1. Run `php artisan wayfinder:generate` to regenerate routes if Vite plugin isn't installed
2. Check TypeScript imports resolve correctly
3. Verify route URLs match expected paths

View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"mcpServers": {
"laravel-boost": {
"command": "vendor/bin/sail",
"command": "php",
"args": [
"artisan",
"boost:mcp"

View file

@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ## Application Structure & Architecture
## Frontend Bundling
- If the user doesn't see a frontend change reflected in the UI, it could mean they need to run `vendor/bin/sail npm run build`, `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev`, or `vendor/bin/sail composer run dev`. Ask them.
- If the user doesn't see a frontend change reflected in the UI, it could mean they need to run `npm run build`, `npm run dev`, or `composer run dev`. Ask them.
## Documentation Files
@ -97,15 +97,15 @@ ### Search Syntax
## Artisan
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `vendor/bin/sail artisan route:list`). Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan list` to discover available commands and `vendor/bin/sail artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
- Inspect routes with `vendor/bin/sail artisan route:list`. Filter with: `--method=GET`, `--name=users`, `--path=api`, `--except-vendor`, `--only-vendor`.
- Read configuration values using dot notation: `vendor/bin/sail artisan config:show app.name`, `vendor/bin/sail artisan config:show database.default`. Or read config files directly from the `config/` directory.
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `php artisan route:list`). Use `php artisan list` to discover available commands and `php artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
- Inspect routes with `php artisan route:list`. Filter with: `--method=GET`, `--name=users`, `--path=api`, `--except-vendor`, `--only-vendor`.
- Read configuration values using dot notation: `php artisan config:show app.name`, `php artisan config:show database.default`. Or read config files directly from the `config/` directory.
## Tinker
- Execute PHP in app context for debugging and testing code. Do not create models without user approval, prefer tests with factories instead. Prefer existing Artisan commands over custom tinker code.
- Always use single quotes to prevent shell expansion: `vendor/bin/sail artisan tinker --execute 'Your::code();'`
- Double quotes for PHP strings inside: `vendor/bin/sail artisan tinker --execute 'User::where("active", true)->count();'`
- Always use single quotes to prevent shell expansion: `php artisan tinker --execute 'Your::code();'`
- Double quotes for PHP strings inside: `php artisan tinker --execute 'User::where("active", true)->count();'`
=== php rules ===
@ -124,26 +124,19 @@ # Deployment
- Laravel can be deployed using [Laravel Cloud](https://cloud.laravel.com/), which is the fastest way to deploy and scale production Laravel applications.
=== sail rules ===
=== herd rules ===
# Laravel Sail
# Laravel Herd
- This project runs inside Laravel Sail's Docker containers. You MUST execute all commands through Sail.
- Start services using `vendor/bin/sail up -d` and stop them with `vendor/bin/sail stop`.
- Open the application in the browser by running `vendor/bin/sail open`.
- Always prefix PHP, Artisan, Composer, and Node commands with `vendor/bin/sail`. Examples:
- Run Artisan Commands: `vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate`
- Install Composer packages: `vendor/bin/sail composer install`
- Execute Node commands: `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev`
- Execute PHP scripts: `vendor/bin/sail php [script]`
- View all available Sail commands by running `vendor/bin/sail` without arguments.
- The application is served by Laravel Herd at `https?://[kebab-case-project-dir].test`. Use the `get-absolute-url` tool to generate valid URLs. Never run commands to serve the site. It is always available.
- Use the `herd` CLI to manage services, PHP versions, and sites (e.g. `herd sites`, `herd services:start <service>`, `herd php:list`). Run `herd list` to discover all available commands.
=== tests rules ===
# Test Enforcement
- Every change must be programmatically tested. Write a new test or update an existing test, then run the affected tests to make sure they pass.
- Run the minimum number of tests needed to ensure code quality and speed. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact` with a specific filename or filter.
- Run the minimum number of tests needed to ensure code quality and speed. Use `php artisan test --compact` with a specific filename or filter.
=== inertia-laravel/core rules ===
@ -172,13 +165,13 @@ # Inertia v3
# Do Things the Laravel Way
- Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:` commands to create new files (i.e. migrations, controllers, models, etc.). You can list available Artisan commands using `vendor/bin/sail artisan list` and check their parameters with `vendor/bin/sail artisan [command] --help`.
- If you're creating a generic PHP class, use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:class`.
- Use `php artisan make:` commands to create new files (i.e. migrations, controllers, models, etc.). You can list available Artisan commands using `php artisan list` and check their parameters with `php artisan [command] --help`.
- If you're creating a generic PHP class, use `php artisan make:class`.
- Pass `--no-interaction` to all Artisan commands to ensure they work without user input. You should also pass the correct `--options` to ensure correct behavior.
### Model Creation
- When creating new models, create useful factories and seeders for them too. Ask the user if they need any other things, using `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:model --help` to check the available options.
- When creating new models, create useful factories and seeders for them too. Ask the user if they need any other things, using `php artisan make:model --help` to check the available options.
## APIs & Eloquent Resources
@ -192,11 +185,11 @@ ## Testing
- When creating models for tests, use the factories for the models. Check if the factory has custom states that can be used before manually setting up the model.
- Faker: Use methods such as `$this->faker->word()` or `fake()->randomDigit()`. Follow existing conventions whether to use `$this->faker` or `fake()`.
- When creating tests, make use of `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test [options] {name}` to create a feature test, and pass `--unit` to create a unit test. Most tests should be feature tests.
- When creating tests, make use of `php artisan make:test [options] {name}` to create a feature test, and pass `--unit` to create a unit test. Most tests should be feature tests.
## Vite Error
- If you receive an "Illuminate\Foundation\ViteException: Unable to locate file in Vite manifest" error, you can run `vendor/bin/sail npm run build` or ask the user to run `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev` or `vendor/bin/sail composer run dev`.
- If you receive an "Illuminate\Foundation\ViteException: Unable to locate file in Vite manifest" error, you can run `npm run build` or ask the user to run `npm run dev` or `composer run dev`.
=== wayfinder/core rules ===
@ -208,16 +201,16 @@ # Laravel Wayfinder
# Laravel Pint Code Formatter
- If you have modified any PHP files, you must run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --dirty --format agent` before finalizing changes to ensure your code matches the project's expected style.
- Do not run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --test --format agent`, simply run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --format agent` to fix any formatting issues.
- If you have modified any PHP files, you must run `vendor/bin/pint --dirty --format agent` before finalizing changes to ensure your code matches the project's expected style.
- Do not run `vendor/bin/pint --test --format agent`, simply run `vendor/bin/pint --format agent` to fix any formatting issues.
=== pest/core rules ===
## Pest
- This project uses Pest for testing. Create tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
- The `{name}` argument should not include the test suite directory. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest SomeFeatureTest` instead of `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest`.
- Run tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact` or filter: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- This project uses Pest for testing. Create tests: `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
- The `{name}` argument should not include the test suite directory. Use `php artisan make:test --pest SomeFeatureTest` instead of `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest`.
- Run tests: `php artisan test --compact` or filter: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Do NOT delete tests without approval.
=== inertia-vue/core rules ===

View file

@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ## Application Structure & Architecture
## Frontend Bundling
- If the user doesn't see a frontend change reflected in the UI, it could mean they need to run `vendor/bin/sail npm run build`, `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev`, or `vendor/bin/sail composer run dev`. Ask them.
- If the user doesn't see a frontend change reflected in the UI, it could mean they need to run `npm run build`, `npm run dev`, or `composer run dev`. Ask them.
## Documentation Files
@ -97,15 +97,15 @@ ### Search Syntax
## Artisan
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `vendor/bin/sail artisan route:list`). Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan list` to discover available commands and `vendor/bin/sail artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
- Inspect routes with `vendor/bin/sail artisan route:list`. Filter with: `--method=GET`, `--name=users`, `--path=api`, `--except-vendor`, `--only-vendor`.
- Read configuration values using dot notation: `vendor/bin/sail artisan config:show app.name`, `vendor/bin/sail artisan config:show database.default`. Or read config files directly from the `config/` directory.
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `php artisan route:list`). Use `php artisan list` to discover available commands and `php artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
- Inspect routes with `php artisan route:list`. Filter with: `--method=GET`, `--name=users`, `--path=api`, `--except-vendor`, `--only-vendor`.
- Read configuration values using dot notation: `php artisan config:show app.name`, `php artisan config:show database.default`. Or read config files directly from the `config/` directory.
## Tinker
- Execute PHP in app context for debugging and testing code. Do not create models without user approval, prefer tests with factories instead. Prefer existing Artisan commands over custom tinker code.
- Always use single quotes to prevent shell expansion: `vendor/bin/sail artisan tinker --execute 'Your::code();'`
- Double quotes for PHP strings inside: `vendor/bin/sail artisan tinker --execute 'User::where("active", true)->count();'`
- Always use single quotes to prevent shell expansion: `php artisan tinker --execute 'Your::code();'`
- Double quotes for PHP strings inside: `php artisan tinker --execute 'User::where("active", true)->count();'`
=== php rules ===
@ -124,26 +124,19 @@ # Deployment
- Laravel can be deployed using [Laravel Cloud](https://cloud.laravel.com/), which is the fastest way to deploy and scale production Laravel applications.
=== sail rules ===
=== herd rules ===
# Laravel Sail
# Laravel Herd
- This project runs inside Laravel Sail's Docker containers. You MUST execute all commands through Sail.
- Start services using `vendor/bin/sail up -d` and stop them with `vendor/bin/sail stop`.
- Open the application in the browser by running `vendor/bin/sail open`.
- Always prefix PHP, Artisan, Composer, and Node commands with `vendor/bin/sail`. Examples:
- Run Artisan Commands: `vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate`
- Install Composer packages: `vendor/bin/sail composer install`
- Execute Node commands: `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev`
- Execute PHP scripts: `vendor/bin/sail php [script]`
- View all available Sail commands by running `vendor/bin/sail` without arguments.
- The application is served by Laravel Herd at `https?://[kebab-case-project-dir].test`. Use the `get-absolute-url` tool to generate valid URLs. Never run commands to serve the site. It is always available.
- Use the `herd` CLI to manage services, PHP versions, and sites (e.g. `herd sites`, `herd services:start <service>`, `herd php:list`). Run `herd list` to discover all available commands.
=== tests rules ===
# Test Enforcement
- Every change must be programmatically tested. Write a new test or update an existing test, then run the affected tests to make sure they pass.
- Run the minimum number of tests needed to ensure code quality and speed. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact` with a specific filename or filter.
- Run the minimum number of tests needed to ensure code quality and speed. Use `php artisan test --compact` with a specific filename or filter.
=== inertia-laravel/core rules ===
@ -172,13 +165,13 @@ # Inertia v3
# Do Things the Laravel Way
- Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:` commands to create new files (i.e. migrations, controllers, models, etc.). You can list available Artisan commands using `vendor/bin/sail artisan list` and check their parameters with `vendor/bin/sail artisan [command] --help`.
- If you're creating a generic PHP class, use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:class`.
- Use `php artisan make:` commands to create new files (i.e. migrations, controllers, models, etc.). You can list available Artisan commands using `php artisan list` and check their parameters with `php artisan [command] --help`.
- If you're creating a generic PHP class, use `php artisan make:class`.
- Pass `--no-interaction` to all Artisan commands to ensure they work without user input. You should also pass the correct `--options` to ensure correct behavior.
### Model Creation
- When creating new models, create useful factories and seeders for them too. Ask the user if they need any other things, using `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:model --help` to check the available options.
- When creating new models, create useful factories and seeders for them too. Ask the user if they need any other things, using `php artisan make:model --help` to check the available options.
## APIs & Eloquent Resources
@ -192,11 +185,11 @@ ## Testing
- When creating models for tests, use the factories for the models. Check if the factory has custom states that can be used before manually setting up the model.
- Faker: Use methods such as `$this->faker->word()` or `fake()->randomDigit()`. Follow existing conventions whether to use `$this->faker` or `fake()`.
- When creating tests, make use of `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test [options] {name}` to create a feature test, and pass `--unit` to create a unit test. Most tests should be feature tests.
- When creating tests, make use of `php artisan make:test [options] {name}` to create a feature test, and pass `--unit` to create a unit test. Most tests should be feature tests.
## Vite Error
- If you receive an "Illuminate\Foundation\ViteException: Unable to locate file in Vite manifest" error, you can run `vendor/bin/sail npm run build` or ask the user to run `vendor/bin/sail npm run dev` or `vendor/bin/sail composer run dev`.
- If you receive an "Illuminate\Foundation\ViteException: Unable to locate file in Vite manifest" error, you can run `npm run build` or ask the user to run `npm run dev` or `composer run dev`.
=== wayfinder/core rules ===
@ -208,16 +201,16 @@ # Laravel Wayfinder
# Laravel Pint Code Formatter
- If you have modified any PHP files, you must run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --dirty --format agent` before finalizing changes to ensure your code matches the project's expected style.
- Do not run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --test --format agent`, simply run `vendor/bin/sail bin pint --format agent` to fix any formatting issues.
- If you have modified any PHP files, you must run `vendor/bin/pint --dirty --format agent` before finalizing changes to ensure your code matches the project's expected style.
- Do not run `vendor/bin/pint --test --format agent`, simply run `vendor/bin/pint --format agent` to fix any formatting issues.
=== pest/core rules ===
## Pest
- This project uses Pest for testing. Create tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
- The `{name}` argument should not include the test suite directory. Use `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest SomeFeatureTest` instead of `vendor/bin/sail artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest`.
- Run tests: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact` or filter: `vendor/bin/sail artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- This project uses Pest for testing. Create tests: `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
- The `{name}` argument should not include the test suite directory. Use `php artisan make:test --pest SomeFeatureTest` instead of `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest`.
- Run tests: `php artisan test --compact` or filter: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Do NOT delete tests without approval.
=== inertia-vue/core rules ===

View file

@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
{
"agents": [
"claude_code",
"cursor"
"cursor",
"codex"
],
"cloud": false,
"guidelines": true,
"mcp": true,
"nightwatch": true,
"sail": true,
"sail": false,
"skills": [
"ai-sdk-development",
"cashier-stripe-development",